Heart Failure Flashcards
Heart failure
-describe
Heart is incapable of pumping enough oxygenated blood thru-out the body to meet metabolic requirements and* accommodate venous return
Heart failure
-occurs when either (2)
Heart cannot pump adequately (systolic)
Heart cannot fill adequately (diastolic)
Heart failure
-what is affected and how
Heart muscle itself
Thinned = can’t pump (systolic)
Thickened = can’t fill (diastolic)
Heart failure
-complications (4)
Kidney damage/failure
Heart valve problems
Heart rhythm problems
Liver damage
Heart failure
-epidemiology
Most common dx in hospital pts 65+ y.o.
More than half of those that develop CHF die within 5 years
Heart failure
- caused by a loss of a critical quantity of functional myocardial cells after __
- 3 most common etiologies
Injury to the heart from a number of causes
Ischemic heart attack
HTN
Diabetes
Heart failure
-often the final and most severe manifestation of __
Almost any form of cardiac disease
Heart failure
-signs/symptoms (4)
Dyspnea upon exertion or when lying down
Dizziness/fatigue/weakness
Edema in legs, ankles, feet
Rapid/irregular heartbeat
Heart failure diagnosis
- blood tests
- imaging tests (3)
- biopsy
Certain peptides often released during heart failure
Chest x-ray (size, fluid around)
Echocardiogram (determine ejection fraction)
Electrocardiogram (electrical abnorms)
Can dx certain types of heart muscle diseases
Heart failure management
-depends on
Cause
Heart failure implications for ODs
- medications
- implantable devices
May affect eyes (e.g. BB’s and NTG)
May preclude certain ocular procedures
