Heart Failure Flashcards
1
Q
Causes of left heart failure
A
IHD Hypertension Dilated cardiomyopathies (infection, alcohol/drugs, pregnancy, idiopathic) Valve disease Arrhythmias
2
Q
Causes of right heart failure
A
Secondary to left heart failure
Chronic lung disease (cor pulmonale)
Pulmonary/tricuspid valve disease
3
Q
Symptoms of heart failure
A
Fatigue Exertional SOB Orthopnoea Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea Ankle swelling Chest pain Anorexia Dizziness
4
Q
Signs of heart failure
A
Tachypnoea Tachycardia Anaemia Low BP Displaced apex beat Additional heart sounds Pulmonary crackles Peripheral oedema Raised JVP
5
Q
Investigations of heart failure
A
CXR- cardiomegaly, pulmonary oedema
Bloods- FBC, U&Es, glucose/lipids
ECG- for evidence of MI, IHD, arrhythmias
6
Q
Management of heart failure
A
Lifestyle advice: weight loss, increase exercise, lower salt and alcohol intake
Loop diuretics +/- thiazide diuretics
ACE inhibitors
Beta blockers
7
Q
Define heart failure
A
Where the heart fails to maintain an adequate circulation to meet the need of the body, despite an adequate filling pressure
