Heart failure Flashcards
heart failure definition
Complex clinical syndrome resulting from any structural or functional impairment of ventricular Unable to meet metabolic tissue requirements or cannot fill completely
or ejection of blood
HF w/ reduced EF (HFrEF)
EF ≤ 40%
pumping problem
HF w/ preserved EF (HFpEF)
EF ≥ 50%
Borderline hf
41%-49%
improved hf
> 40%
LV Diastolic Dysfunction
Delayed LV relaxation
Increased myocardial stiffness
Reduction in LV compliance
Restricted LV filling
LA HTN, LA systolic and diastolic dysfunction, pulmonary venous congestion, and exercise intolerance
LV systolic dysfunction
Contractility is reduced
Reduced SV
Increased LV end-systolic volume and end-diastolic volume
Compensatory LV dilation
Increased LV end diastolic pressure
Pulmonary venous congestion.
the hallmark of chronic LV systolic dysfunction
decreased ef < 40%
Class 1 diastolic hf
Class I - abnormal LV relaxation pattern with normal left atrial pressure
Class 2,3,4 diastolic hf
abnormal relaxation and reduced LV compliance resulting in an increase in LVEDP
Acute Decompensated HF
Worsening symptoms of preexisting condition
de novo acute HF
Sudden increase in intracardiac filling pressures and/or acute myocardial dysfunction
Chronic Heart Failure
Present in pts withlong-standingcardiac disease
Accompanied by venous congestion, but BP is maintained
Frank-starling relationship
SV is directly related to LVEDP
Magnitude of the increase in SV produced by changing the tension of ventricularmuscle fibers depends on myocardial contractility
Inotropic state
- myocardial contractility as reflected by the velocity of contraction developed by cardiac muscle
