Heart - ECG

Question 1

What does ECG stand for?

What does EKG stand for?

Answer 1

ECG and EKG are the same.
Electro-cardio-gram

-electrical changes w/in the heart
signals collected and charted 
-detected during physical examination
-use of electrodes
-locations = wrist, ankles, 6 chest
right arm -> left leg
-collectively provide assessment

Question 2

ECG

Answer 2

-tracing of all action potentials
-depolarization and repolarization
-specific heart regions
-three deviations
P wave = A depolarization
QRS complex = V depolarization
T wave = V repolarization

Question 3

Segments

Intervals

Answer 3

Segments
P-Q - atrial plateau
S-T - ventricular plateau

Intervals
P-R - atria action potential
Q-T - ventricle action potential

Question 4

Plateau

Answer 4

essentially no electrical change
-sarcomeres are shortening

P-Q atria contraction
S-T ventricle contraction

Question 5

Summary
Waves vs Plateau
Action Potentials superimposed w/ ECG
Book diagram 19.20b

Answer 5

Waves
-elecrtical changes
repolarization
depolarization

Plateau

• level portions (segments)
• no electrical charge
• heart resting between beats

Question 6

Intervals 2

Answer 6

P-R
Q-T
-changes in length
indicative abnormality

Question 7

P-R Interval

Answer 7

Period of time: P wave - QRS beginning

• P wave = atrial depolarization
• QRS = ventricular depolarization

Time: 0.12 - 0.20 sec
- the time required 
-to transmit an action potential 
-through the entire conduction system
Long P-R interval
-indicate impaired ventricle conduction = Heart Block

Question 8

Q-T interval

Answer 8

-beginning of QRS
V depolarization
-end T wave
V repolarization
-time required for AP to occur w/in Ventricles
-depends on HR = 0.2 - 0.4 sec.
CHANGES
-fast, irregular HR
tachyarrhythmia

Question 9

NOTES
Depolarization = positive, contraction
Repolarization = negative, relaxation

Systole = contract -> expell blood 
Diastole = relax -> fill w/ blood

Answer 9

.

Question 10

P wave

electrical activity

Answer 10

depolarization of both atria
-simultaneous contraction of atria

ATRIA
-depolarization
-contraction 
BLOOD
-AV valves open
-blood expelled
-Atrial and Ventricular Diastole

Question 11

PR segment

Answer 11

stimulus reaches AV node
depolarization slows down
produces brief pause
allows blood to enter ventricles

Atrial systole
Ventricular diastole

Question 12

QRS

Answer 12

Depolarization of ventricular myocardium
-ventricular contraction
Beginning of Ventricular systole

Atrial and Ventricular Diastole
Valves - AV close, SL open

Question 13

Q wave

Answer 13

first downward stroke of QRS complex

-often not present

Question 14

R wave

Answer 14

Upward wave, stroke of QRS

Question 15

S wave

Answer 15

Downward wave followed by R wave

AV valves close
SL valves open
Lubb S1

Question 16

ST segment

Answer 16

horizontal baseline
plateau phase (initial)
Ventricular repolarization

Atrial diastole
Ventricular systole

Question 17

T wave

Answer 17

Ventricular repolarization

Atrial diastole
Ventricular diastole 
Dupp - S2
SL valves close
AV valves open

Question 18

QT interval

Answer 18

Ventricular depolarization and repolarization

Question 19

Lubb
S1

Dupp
S2

Answer 19

S1:
AV valve close
S wave
SL valve open

Question 20

S2

Dupp

Answer 20

SL valve close

Question 21

MAKE SURE YOU REFER TOO HANDOUT
I have been using several sources
look for mistakes….
go by her source….

Answer 21

.

Question 22

21
Define systole?

22
Define diastole?

23
normal pressure readings

Answer 22

S = the time period when the heart is contracting
specific period during which left ventricle contracts

D = referring to the time
-heart in a period of relaxation and dilation

Norm = 120/80 s/d
sys 90-119
dia 60-79
mmHg

Question 23

25

Define Auscuation?

Answer 23

The act of listening (stethoscope)
for sounds w/in the body
to ascertain the condition
of thoracic or abdominal viscera

-cardiac puncta maxima

Question 24

What are the five cardiac puncta maxima?

Answer 24

aortic valve
pulmonary valve
erb's cardiac point
tricuspid valve
mitral valve - apical pulse