BLOOD - WBC 24 -28 Flashcards
Define Diapedesis?
movement or passage of blood cells -ameboid out through intact capillary walls -fenestrations into surrounding body tissue
Leukocytes: Mnemonic
Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas
Never - Neutrophil ( most abundant ) Let = Lymphocyte Monkeys = Monocyte Eat = Eosinophil Bananas = Basophil (least abundant)
Granulocytes are divided into two classes?
Granulocytes Agranulocytes -based on presence or absence cytoplasmic secretory vesicles = specific granules
24 List granuloctyes?
Differentiate between granulocytes?
- appearance
- size
- function
- lifespan
- differential count variability
- development (stem cell to mature)
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
have specific granules in cytoplasm
24
Describe Neutrophils?
most numerous phagocytic everything (not specific) 65% of WBC count 4100/microliter of blood 10(-6) minutes - days survival rate -longest lifespan of granulocytes Nucleus = -multi lobed -segmented -polymorphic
Lymphocyte
Big round nucleus, uniform -symmetric, dominates fn: adaptive immunity -produce antibodies last years very active or dormant (10yrs) -vaccinations 20-40% -flexible, based on infection rate
Monocytes
Big cells 6% WBC Nucleus: kidney shape, horseshoe leave marrow become macrophages -break things down, ingest survive several months 450-500 microL of blood
Eosinophils
Nucleus- bilobed Cytoplasm- granules orange 2% WBC count 150-160 micro L specific phagocyte - parasites -lysosomal enzymes - break blood clots detoxify
Basophils
Nucleus bilobed Cytoplasm violet release histamine and heparin -inflammation, anticoagulant (coumadin) >1% WBC count approx. 45/microL
Corpuscle Cells:
Derived from?
1 Red Bone Marrow storage: -all granulocytes and monocytes -not lymphocytes Lymphocytes: -migrate to the Thymus (T-cells)
25
What is Leukopoesis
formation of WBC = leukocytes form of hematopoiesis -formation of blood cellular components derived from pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells -reside in medulla of the bone
Pluripotent Hematopoietic Stem Cells:
Multipotent hematopoietic Stem Cell MYELOID -MegaKaryocyte = thrombocyte (platelets) -Erythrocyte -Mast Cell -Myeloblast = basophil, neutrophil, monocyte ->macrophage LYMPHOID -Lymphocyte = B and T B -> plasma cell
25
What factors influence Leukopoesis?
She has not lectured on this yet….
secretion based on a response -immune challenges (specific need) infection -bacterial -> neutrophils -allergy -> eosinophil
Leukocytes
Longevity
Granulocytes -circulate 4-8 hrs, migrate to tissue survive 4-5 days Monocytes -circulate 10-20 hours -migrate to tissue transform into macrophages survive a few years Lymphocytes = long term immunity survive a few weeks to decades continually recycled: blood - tissue fluid - lymph
26
What is Leukemia?
Type of cancer of the blood or bone marrow
-abnormal increase of immature WBC
broad spectrum of diseases
-effect blood, bone marrow and lymphoid system
Leukemia Causes
1 damage to the bone marrow by way of displacing normal bone marrow -with higher [ # immature WBCs]'s lack of platelets -easily bruise, bleed excess. 2 WBC suppressed or dysfunctional -frequent infections 3 anemia -dyspnea and pallor
26
Differentiate between Hodgkins and Non-Hodgkins Leukemia?
types of lymphomas -blood cancer B and T lymphocytes tumor masses lymph nodes HODGKIN's -six types -involves Reed-Sternberg Cells (B-lymphocytes) NON HODGKIN's - more than 61 types - does not involve Reed-Sternberg Cells
27
What is Leukopenia?
What are Five Causes?
Decrease in WBC found in the blood
puts person at increased risk for infection
1 viral infection - cold, influenza
2 chemotherapy
3 radiation therapy
4 myelofibrosis = bone marrow disorder - fibrosis
5 aplastic anemia = bone marrow and blood stem cell damage
deficiency: RBC (anemia), WBC (leukopenia) and platelets (thrombocytopenia)
28
Describe Diapedesis
movement of WBC through capillary walls into surrounding tissue -capillaries pores - fenestrations -WBC action ameboid out - change shape
