Heart Disease Flashcards
1
Q
What is the walls of artery made up of?
A
Several layers
2
Q
What is the endothelium of artery (inner lining) usually?
A
Smooth and unbroken
3
Q
What happens during atheroma formation?
A
- If damage occurs to the endothelium (high blood pressure) WBC and lipids from blood clump together to form fatty streaks
- Over time, more WBC and lipids and connective tissue built up and harden to form fiborous plaque called atheroma
- Plaque partially blocks the lumen of artery and restricts blood floow causing blood pressure to increase
4
Q
What happens during coronary heart disease?
A
- Type of cardiovascular disease
- Occurs in coronary artiers
- Have lots of atheromas
- Restricts blood flow to heart muscle
- Lead to myocardial infraction
5
Q
What are the two types of disease affecting arteries?
A
- Aneurysm
- Thrombois
6
Q
What is aneurysm?
A
Ballon-like swelling of artery
7
Q
What is thrombosis?
A
Formation of a blood clot
8
Q
How is aneursym dangerous?
A
- Atheroma plaque damages and weakens arteries - narrow arteries so increase blood pressure
- When blood travels through weakened artery at high pressure , push inner layers of artery through outer elastic forming ballon (aneursym)
- It may burst and cause a haemorrhage (bleeding)
9
Q
How is thrombosis deadly?
A
- Antheroma plaque can repture the endothelium of artery
- Dmaages artery wall leaving rough surface
- Platelets and fibrin acculmate at site of damage to form blood blot (thrombus)
- Cause complete blockage of artery or become disloged and block somewhere else in body
- Debris from rupture cause another blood clot
10
Q
What does your heart muscle supplied blood by?
A
Coronary artieres
11
Q
What will the blood contain?
A
Oxygen needed by heart muscle to carry out respiration
12
Q
What is myocardinal infection?
A
- If coronar arteries become completely blocked (e.g blood clot) an area of heart muscle cut off blood supply - no 02
- Myocardinal infection - heart attack
- Cause damage and death of heart muscle
- Symptons: pain and shortness of breath
- If large areas of heart affected complete heart failure occur - fatal
13
Q
Factors increase risk of cardiovascular disease
A
- High cholesterol and poor diet
- Ciagrette smoking
- High blood pressure
14
Q
How is high blood cholesterol and poor diet linked?
A
- If blood cholesterol is high - main constituents of fatty deposits causing atheroma
- Lead to increased blood prssure and blood clots
- Block flow of blood to cornary artiers - myocardinal infraction
- Diet in high saturated fat associated with high blood cholesterol
- Diet in high in salt - increase risk of cardiovascular disease - high blood pressure
15
Q
How is cigarette smoking linked to risk?
A
- Both nicotine and carbon monoxide found in smoke
- Nicotine increase risk of high blood pressure
- Carbon monoxide combines with haemoglobin to reduce amount of 02 transport in blood - reduce 02 avaliable to tissues
- Decreases amout of antioxidants in blood
18
Q
Analysis this graph
A
- Relative risk of cardiovascular event as increases level of LDL cholesterol as blood increase
- Shows positive correlation
- Conclusion: Data only looked at women - not for everyone
- Can’t conclude as due to other trend
- Large sample size used , more representative of population
