Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Organisation of the body: embryology > Heart development > Flashcards

Heart development Flashcards

1
Q

where are the cardiac progenitor cells derived from?

A

intra-embryonic mesoderm

splanchopleuric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what forms in the splanchnic mesoderm?

A

a horseshoe shape develops as the cariogenic region

on either side of the neural plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what happens on day 19?

A

the endocardial tubes begin to develop on each side and grow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what happens to the two endocardial tubes?

A

lateral folding results in the merging of the two tubes to form the primitive heart

pushed into the thoracic cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

five distinct regions of primitive heart tube from head to tail

A

trunks arteriosus, conus cordis, primitive ventricle, primitive atrium and sinus venosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what will the truncus arteriosus form?

A

aorta and pulmonary artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

bulbus cordis structures

A

right ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

primitive ventricle will form

A

the left ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

primitive atrium will form

A

front parts of the left and right atria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what will the sinus venous form?

A

posterior part of the right atrium, SAN and coronary sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

at what day does the heart begin contracting ?

A

22

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

where does the blood pump?

A

initially all venous blood moves into the sinus venous and then to the truncus arteriosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how does the heart tube position change?

A
  1. begins in the cariogenic area in front of the oropharyngeal membrane and neural plate
  2. growth of brain pushes the heart into the chest
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what keeps the heart in the right position?

A

mesodermal tissue fold called the dorsal mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

initial tissues of gut tube

A

myocardium thickens and secretes a thick layer of rich extracellular matrix called cardiac jelly which separates the endothelium

mesothelial cells from pericardium migrate to form the epicardium

heart tube formed with inner endocardium lining and outer myocardial epicardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what happens at day 23?

A

cardiac looping begins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

explain looping

A

bulbs cordis moves ventrally and caudally and to the right

primitive ventricle moves dorsally, cranially and to the left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what happens to the atria?

A

left sinus horn recedes to form coronary sinus into the right atria

enlarged right sinus horn is absorbed by the growing right atrium and eventually forms part of the inferior vena cava

left atria combine with pulmonary veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what forms the aortal arch arteries?

A

branchial arch blood vessels

20
Q

which arches form the aorta?

A

3,4 and 6

21
Q

aortic arches definition

A

six paired embryological vascular structures that give rise to the great arteries of the neck and head

ventral to the dorsal aorta

22
Q

different parts of the aorta + what form it

A

ascending- truncus arteriosios

arch- ventral aorta

dorsal aortae- descending aorta

23
Q

what does the first heart field form?

A

everything below the truncus arteriosus

24
Q

what does the second heart field form?

A

truncus arterioosis, left ventricle

25
Q

what process occurs next?

A

septation of right and left channels

26
Q

what tissue is formed?

A

cushion tissue

27
Q

explain formation of cushion tissue

A
  1. endocardium balloons, due to cardiac jelly secretion
  2. endocardium undergoes EMT and enters the ECM
  3. superior and inferior cushions fuse, separating the left and right atrioventricular canals
28
Q

what does the endocardial cushion form?

A

tricuspid valve, mitral valve, part of atrial septum, part of ventricular septum

29
Q

how many holes in primitive atria?

A

3

30
Q

explain septation of atria

A
  1. septum premium forms and extends down towards the fused cushions, splitting the atrium into two
  2. ostium primum is a hole present between the cushion and septum premium that remains before complete cushion
  3. ostium secundum forms in the septum primum before premium’s fashion
  4. septum secundum grows with a hole called the foramen ovale
31
Q

what does the ostium secundum and foramen ovale allow?

A

shunt going from right to left

32
Q

difference in structure of septum secundum and primum

A

primum- thinner

secundum- thicker more msucular

33
Q

what does the foramen ovale form?

A

fossa ovalis in right atrium

34
Q

where is pressure higher to allow blood to flow?

A

higher in right than left

allows the shunt to keep going

35
Q

separation of ventricles

A

muscular ventricular septum grows from the base of the heart towards the endocardial cushions

sculpted by the blood flowing through the ventricles

membranous septum grows from endocardial cushions and fuse in the middle

36
Q

different structures in ventricles and how they’re formed

A

inter ventricular foramina

myocardium thickens to form trabeculae

37
Q

formation of outflow tract

A

the truncus arteriosus contains endocardial cushions that grow towards each other

twist and form a spiral septum

dividing outflow tract into the left and right sides, aorta and pulmonary artery respectively

38
Q

major birth defect

A

tetralogy of fallot

39
Q

four defects of tetralogy of fallot

A

four defects:
1. pulmonary stenosis

  1. ventricular septal defect
  2. right ventricular hypertrophy
  3. overriding aorta
40
Q

what causes the tetralogy of fallot?

A

unequal growth of aorticopulmonary septsm

41
Q

explain tetralogy of fallot

A

aorta too large

thus steals from pulmonary artery, therefore stenosed

prevents ventricular wall closure, thus septal defect

increases pressure on right side, thus right ventricle is larger to handle work

42
Q

what happens to the blood that does not pass through the foramen ovale?

A
  1. enters pulmonary trunk which is linked to distal arch of aorta by ductus arteriosus
43
Q

how does blood bypass liver?

A

ductus venosus

shunts umbilical blood directly into vena cava

44
Q

what happens at birth?

A

intake of air, leads pulmonary resistance to fall

pressure in left atrium now higher than right

coses foramen ovale- fuses shut by 11 years

ductus arteriosus contracts to close after birth

45
Q

structure that remains of ductus arteriosus

A

ligamento arteiosum

46
Q

prior to separation, where does venous blood prefer to enter

A

through vitelline, cardinal and umbilical vein

into the right sinus horn

Organisation of the body: embryology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions