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CPR I > Heart Development > Flashcards

Heart Development Flashcards

1
Q

what type of embryonic tissue is used for vasculogenesis

A

bv are made from mesenchyme

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2
Q

hemangioblast differentiate into

A

hematopoietic progenitor cells and endothelial precursor cells

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3
Q

embryonic hematopoietic cells reside in where at day 23? generate what?

A

liver primordia

embryonic erythrocytes, macrophages, megakaryocytes

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4
Q

definitive hematopoietic stem cells are programmed from? Once signaled they mature into?

A

hemogenic endothelial cells of dorsal aorta in aortic-gonadal-mesoephric region

myeloid an lymphoid stem cells (for lymph organs and bone marrow)

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5
Q

other than the agm region, is bv formation coupled with hematopoiesis?

A

NO

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6
Q

what are endothelial precursor cells differentiate from

A

intraembryonic splanchnic mesoderm

paraxial mesoderm

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7
Q

long tubes (angioplastic plexus) grows by

A

cont proliferation of endothelial precursor cells
angiogenesis (bud/sprout of new vessels from existing)
intussusception (splitting)
recruitment of new mesodermal cells

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8
Q

excessive growth of a small capillary network

A

capillary hemangioma

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9
Q

excessive growth of venous sinuses

A

cavernous hemangioma

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10
Q

angiomas

A

abnormal bv/ lymphatic growth via vasculogenic process

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11
Q

first heart field

A

cardiac crescent

epc clusters in horseshoe shape in cardiogenic area of intraembryonic splanchnic mesoderm

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12
Q

during folding, epc differentiate into what

A

(median growth) endothelial cells forming 2 primitive endocardial tubes
then (lateral folds) brings /fuses tubes together

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13
Q

dorsal aorta is dragged ventrally during folding forming

A

first aortic arch

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14
Q

inflow to primitive heart?

A 
common cardinal veins (venous blood from head and trunk)
vitelline veins (venous blood from gut)
umbilical veins (O2 blood from mom)
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15
Q

primary heart tube wall consists of?

A

endocardium, cardiac jelly, myocardium

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16
Q

first rhythmic contraction, blood starts flowing?

A

day 22, day 24

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17
Q

sinus venosus is made of?

A

confluent right and left sinus horns

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18
Q

flow of how blood enters and exits primodia heart

A

sinus venosus -> primitive atrium -> atrioventricular region ->primitive ventricle -> outflow tract (bulbus cordis) -> aortic sac or root

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19
Q

what delineates early LV (primitive ventricle) from future right ventricle

A

constriction called inter-ventricular sulcus

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20
Q

what is an aortic sac or root

A

common confluens of pharyngeal arch bv

contributes to future aorta, pulm a, carotids etc

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21
Q

what suspends the heart tube? what happens to it in the adult?

A

dorsal mesocardium
ruptures to form transverse sinus
remnants form proepicardial organ

22
Q

proepicardial organ forms?

A

epicardium (future visceral pericardium)

the cells migrate over myocardium

23
Q

in cardiac looping, initial outflow tract becomes?

A

right ventricle

24
Q

in cardiac looping, addition of myocardium at the cranial end forms?

A 
conus arteriosus (prox outflow tract)
truncus arteriosus (distal outflow tract) later becomes aorta/pulm a
25
Q

what helps lengthen cardiac tube in cardiac looping?

A

second heart field

splanchnic mesoderm proliferation

26
Q

what maintains cardiogenic mesoderm proliferation and proper myocardial cell specification w/in 2nd heart field?

A

NCC

dictates ncc, PA mesoderm, PA endoderm

27
Q

What happens to the sinus venosus opening?

A

shifts to right atrium due to cl, differentiate growth, changes in hemodynamics
asymmetrical expansion of the l sinus horn = net shift of amt of blood returning to the right side

28
Q

left sinus horn becomes the?

A

coronary sinus

29
Q

R common cardinal vein becomes the?

A

superior vena cava

30
Q

R vitelline vein becomes the?

A

inferior vena cava

31
Q

R inferior valvular fold becomes the?

A

valve of inferior vena cava

32
Q

crista termnalis is?

A

jct between pectinate part of RA and sinus venarum

33
Q

part R sinus horn and R common cardinal v become?

A

SA node

34
Q

what makes the m interventricular septum and m atrial septum?

A

differential growth

35
Q

what forms new fibrous CT in AV region and conotruncal ridges of outflow tract?

A

endocardial cushion tissue from mesenchymal cells

36
Q

cushion cells are important for what?

A

fibrous septa formation, mesenchymal for anchoring heart valves and cardiac skeleton

37
Q

what makes conotruncial ridges?

A

ECT and NCC

38
Q

conus arteriosus contributes too?

A

pulm a and aorta to go out diff V

fibrous portion of interventricular septum

39
Q

what helps truncus arteriosus divide into pulm a and aorta?

A

aorticopulmonary septum

40
Q

septum primum is made from?

A

dorsal mesenchymal protrusion or spina vestibuli (mesodermal projection from caudal dorsal mesocardium)

makes a hole near AV septum called ostium primum

41
Q

as cushion tissue close ostium primum, a new hole forms rostrally called?

A

ostium (foramen) secundum

42
Q

what overlaps ostium secundum? leaving what foramen?

A

septum secundum - much thicker to prevent back flow (L to right) only r to l
foramen ovale

43
Q

blood from IVC in fetal cardiac blood flow goes into?

A

through foramen ovale into LA -> LV -> arteries

44
Q

blood from where goes through RA and RV in fetal cardiac blood flow goes into?
how does it get to systematic arterial side?

A

SVC/coronary sinus, and part IVC

ductus arteriosus

45
Q

interventricular septum is made of?

A

m part from ventricular wall and fibrous part from cushion tissue and proximal conotruncal ridges

46
Q

in partitioning outflow tract, what arches connect RV to lungs?

A

aortic arch VI

47
Q

in partitioning outflow tract, what arches connect LV to body?

A

aortic arch II and IV

48
Q

what is necessary for separate V to r and L?

A

shift of av canal to r side so AV cushion can fuse (myocardialization)

49
Q

conotruncal septum is formed from?

A

conotruncal ridge cushion tissue 180 spiral down toward ventricular septum
formed by NCC and endocardial derived cushion tissue

50
Q

what is bulbus cordis?

A

outflow tract, makes the ventricular system

CPR I (12 decks)

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