Heart Defects

Question 1

hypoplastic LV

Answer 1

LV underdeveloped w absent/small bicuspid/aortic valves, ascending part aorta
PDA, foramen ovale
RV univentricular heart

Question 2

tricuspid atresia

Answer 2

P foramen ovale and PDA
VSD
hypoplastic RV, hyperplastic LV

Question 3

aortic valvular atresia

Answer 3

LV hypoplasticity
PDA, RV hypertrophy
P-ASD

Question 4

bicuspid aortic valve

Answer 4

2 leaflets not 3
regurg, stenosis of leaflets
LV hypertropy
develops aortic aneurysm

Question 5

aortic valvular stenosis

Answer 5

hypertrophy of LV
CF, Pulm hypertension
congential, infection (RF), degenerative (aging, calcification)

Question 6

pulmonary valvular atresia

Answer 6

RV hypoplasia
patented foramen ovale r-> L shunt and PDA
VSD = univentricular heart, little mixing of blood but can live
may need transplant or opening of PV

Question 7

transposition of great vessels

Answer 7

conotruncal ridges fail to spiral
PA = LV, aorta = RV
patented asd, vsd, pda

Question 8

tetralogy of fallot

Answer 8

conotruncal ridges form off center un= division of pulm a and aorta
VSD, pulm infundibular stenosis, overriding aorta, rv hypertrophies = R to L shunting, cyanosis

Question 9

persistant truncus arteriosus

Answer 9

fail conotruncal ridge formation and fusion
VSD - from ridges cont to fiberous poriton
mix blood
pulm congestion, rv hypertrophy, increased RV pressure, cyanotic cond

Question 10

VSD

Answer 10

most common congenital heart def
abnormal or inadequate fibrous tissue closure - downgrowth of AV septum, conotruncal ridges, interventricular m septum
starts L-R, acyanotic, after birth - cyanotic from RV hypertrophy R->L

Question 11

double outlet RV

Answer 11

failure of myocardialization
aorta and pulm a exit RV
VSD, cyanosis, SOB, murmur, poor weight gain

Question 12

ASD

Answer 12

1. L->R shunting, increase blood to lungs, pulm damage, pulm resistance/workload
2. leads to RV hypertrophy -> CHF, R->L, cyanosis
   ostium II or high ASD most common

ostium I or low ASD
fail of av cushion tiss upgrowth, DMP to fill ostium primum

Question 13

R to L shunts

Answer 13

eaRLy cyanosis, blue bb, surgery or pda
truncus arteriosus -1
transposition -2
tricuspid atresia -3
tetralogy of fallot -4
TAPVR -5

Question 14

L to R shunts

Answer 14

acyanotic, cyanosis may present later
LateR cyanosis
VSD, ASD, PDA