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FF4 Test 1 > heart as a pump > Flashcards

heart as a pump Flashcards

1
Q

function of the heart is to supply

A

oxygen to peripheral tissue
metabolic substrates to peripheral tissue

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2
Q

supply of oxygen is mainly provided by what side of the heart

A

left

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3
Q

the cardiac cycle is associated with how many beats?

A

1

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4
Q

in one cardiac cycle, the 2 atria contract and 2 ventricles relax

A

together

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5
Q

when the chambers are relaxed they

A

fill up with blood

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6
Q

both the atria and ventricles

A

pump an equal amount of blood

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7
Q

systole is

A

contraction

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8
Q

distole is

A

relaxation

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9
Q

left atrium receives oxygenated blood from
then it is ejected by the left ventricle into the

A

pulmonary veins
AORTA

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10
Q

what are the 2 valves in the left heart?

A

mitral valve (atrioventricular)
semilunar valve (aortic valve)

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11
Q

the mitral valve serves for

A

allowing blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle prevents blood from returning into left atrium

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12
Q

the semilunar valve serves for

A

allowing blood to flow from left ventricle to aorta
preventing blood form returning into the left ventricle

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13
Q

the right side of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the and it is ejected by the right ventricle into the

A

cranial and caudal vena cava
pulmonary artery to the lungs

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14
Q

what are the two valves in the right heart?

A

tricuspid valve (atrioventricular)
semilunar valve (pulmonic valve)

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15
Q

the tricuspid valve

A

allows blood to flow from atrium to ventricle
prevents blood from returning to right atrium

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16
Q

pulmonic valve

A

allows blood to flow from right ventricle to the pulmonary artery
prevents blood from returning to right ventricle

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17
Q

each ventricle works in a cycle

A

relaxation= take the volume of blood from the atria
contraction= eject blood into the arteries

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18
Q

t/f the left and right ventricles receive and eject a similar amount of blood

A

true

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19
Q

ventricular diastole

A

ventricular relaxation and filling with blood

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20
Q

ventricular systole

A

ventricular contraction and ejection of blood

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21
Q

atrial diastole

A

atrial filling

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22
Q

atrial systole

A

atrial contraction

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23
Q

t/f for the timing of systole and diastole, the mechanical contraction follows the electrical stimulation

A

true

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24
Q

atrial systole follows the depolarization of

A

atrial myocytes (P wave on ECG)

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25
ventricular systole follows the depolarization of the
ventricular myocytes (QRS on ECG)
26
in ventricular systole, the electrical impulse goes from the AV node to
Bundle of His, right and left bundle branches, and purkinje fibers to supply the myocardial cells
27
t/f In isovolumic contraction, pressure increases and volume changes
False volume doesn't change
28
in isovolumic contraction, when ventricular pressure exceeds atrial pressure the atrioventricular valves
close pressure is still lower in the large vessels
29
in the ejection phase, pressure in the ventricles exceeds pressure in the large vessels and what happens
aortic and pulmonic valves open , the ventricles start ejecting blood into the large vessels
30
t/f in isovolumic relaxation, pressure decreases but volume is unchanged
true
31
in isovolumic relaxation, ventricular contraction ends and ventricular pressure
decreases
32
in isovolumic relaxation, aortic and pulmonic valves close when ventricular pressure is
lower than pressure in the vessels
33
in isovolumic relaxation, ventricular pressure is higher than
atrial presssure the heart is relaxing but there is no change in volume
34
atrioventricular valves open when
ventricular pressure is lower than atrial pressure and ventricular cells are at rest
35
ventricullar fillling and atrial contraction is stimulated by
P wave that stimulates the atria
36
when the P wave stimulates the atria blood is pushed
into the already filled ventricles
37
P-R intervals gives time for the atria to contract before
next ventricular systole
38
what are the 2 phases of systole
isovolumic contraction ejection phase
39
during systole, in the isovolumic contraction, what happens to the volume and pressure?
volume constant pressure increases
40
during systole, in the ejection phase, what happens to volume and pressure?
volume decreases pressure increases and the decreases
41
what are the 4 phases of diastole?
isovolumic relaxation rapid filling ventricles slow filling ventricles = diastasis atrial contraction
42
diastole starts when
semilunar valves close
43
rapid filling ventricles during diastole occur due to the flow of blood from
atrium to ventricle
44
diastasis means
slower blood flow
45
closure of the atrioventricular valves mark the beginning of
systole
46
closure of the semilunar valves mark the beginning of
diastole
47
during systole, in relation to large vessels, the ventricles generate pressure until
equal to large vessels
48
during diastole, in relation to large vessels, the ventricles decrease pressure until
below atrial pressure
49
high pressure system
left side
50
atrial pressure of 5-7 mmHg ventricular pressure: systole 120 mmHg diastole 0 mmHg aortic pressure: systole 120 mmHg diastole 80 mmHg
left side
51
your blood pressure is related to the
aortic pressure
52
low pressure system
right side
53
atrial pressure = 2-3 mmHg ventricular pressure Systole: 25 mmHg Diastole: 0 mmHg Pulmonary artery pressure Systole: 25 mmHg Diastole: 15 mmHg
right side
54
when the atrioventricular valves are open, the pressure in the atria and ventricles is
the same
55
when the semilunar valves are open, pressure is
the same in ventricles and arteries
56
t/f Pressure generated by left ventricle is 5 times larger than pressure generated by the right ventricle
true
57
stroke volume is calculated
End-diastolic volume – end-systolic volume Cardiac output systolic and diastolic output
58
cardiac output is calculated
Stroke Volume (SV) X Heart Rate (HR) (in the test calculate)
59
cardiac output is
total volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in 1 minute
60
stroke volume is
the volume of blood ejected during each heartbeat
61
heart rate is
the number of time the heart beats in one minute
62
how to increase End diastolic volume
Increase venous return Increase ventricular compliance
63
how to decrease esv
Increase contractility Decrease afterload
64
formula for increasing cardiac output
CO= (EDV-ESV)X HR
65
PRE LOAD
END DIASTOLIC VOLUME
66
Increase venous return-high volume of blood by
Increasing volume of blood entering the left side of the heart from the pulmonary veins entering the right side of the heart from the vena cava Increase ventricular compliance Increase ventricular elasticity (decrease stiffness) A more compliant ventricle can accommodate more volume Increase sympathetic tone makes the ventricles more compliant. This is a positive lusitropic (myocardial relaxation)effect
67
sterlings law
The greater the volume of blood entering the heart during diastole, the greater the volume of blood ejected during systole The more the heart is stretched, the stronger it contracts
68
decrease ESV
Increase contractility This is the strength of contraction, the pumping ability of the left ventricle Increased sympathetic tone increases contractility. This is a positive inotropic effect Decrease afterload It is the resistance to ejection It is equal to blood pressure Relax As you get older your blood pressure increases
69
increasing the heart rate: CO output increases with
HR if HR <160-180 beats/minutes
70
inceasing the heart rate: CO decreases when
HR > 180-200 bpm When HR increases, duration of diastole decreases Venous return decreases when diastole shortens Stroke volume decreases Decrease in stroke volume is not compensated by increased heart rate

FF4 Test 1 (11 decks)

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