Heart And Neck Vessels Flashcards
Pulmonary veins
Their are 2 pulmonary veins that take oxygenated blood from each lung and return it to the left atrium.
Describe the aorta
Take oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body.
What are the AV valves?
Tricuspid valve (right)
Mitral or bicuspid valve (left)
Semilunar valves
Pulmonic valve (right)
Aortic valve (left)
What is the pericardium?
Sac around the heart
What makes the S1 sound?
When the AV valves close during systole
What makes the S2 sound?
When the semilunar valves shut during systole
Lub sound
S1
Heard loudest at the apex
Beginning of systole
Dub sound
S2
Heard loudest at the base
End of systole
S3 sound (ventricular gallop)
Can be Heard right after S2
During the beginning of diastole
S4 sound (arterial gallop)
Occurs right before S1
Occurs at presystole
What do murmurs sound like?
Swooshing or blowing sound
What causes a murmur?
Increased or decreased blood viscosity
Heart valve defects- backflow.
Most problematic are mitral and aortic valve
Describe the main pulmonary artery
Takes deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs to be oxygenated.
What is the electrical pathway of the heart?
SA node- AV node- bundle of his
What is depolarization and repolarization?
Depolarization: contraction
Repolarization: rest and relaxation
What is the equation for cardiac output ?
CO= SV x HR
What is cardiac output?
Amount of blood pump by the ventricles through a period of time.
The amount of blood leaving the heart each minute.
L/minute
What’s an adults normal cardiac output?
4-6 Liters per minute
What stroke volume?
The amount of blood pumped with each contraction by heart from L ventricle to the body.
L side: 70ml
mL/beat
What factors effect stroke volume?
Preload and afterload
What’s preload?
Venous return that builds up during diastole
Stretches the heart muscle
What’s after load?
The resistance against which the ventricle must pump it’s blood.
