Heart and Great Vessels Flashcards
Invented the cardiac catheterization
Werner Forssman
Conducted the first heart transplant
Dr. Christian Barnard
Invented the stethoscope
Renee Laenee
Condition wherein there is a narrowing of a valve
Stenosis
Sign of an abnormality, particularly with respect to blood flow through a valve
Murmur
Where can you hear the apex beat / point of maximum impulse?
5th L. ICS, 6-10 cm from the midline
Where is Erb’s point?
3rd L. ICS
Tough, unyielding, external, superficial layer of the pericardium
Fibrous pericardium
The fibrous pericardium is attached anteriorly to _____________ and posteriorly to _____________. It is continuous superiorly with ____________ and ______________ and then inferiorly with the _______________.
Sternopericardial ligament
Pericardiophrenic ligament
Pretracheal layer of deep cervical fascia and tunica adventitia of the great vessels
Central tendon of the diaphragm
Pericardial layer that consists mainly of mesothelium (single layer of flattened cells forming an epithelium)
Serous pericardium
Layer of the serous pericardium that lines the internal surface of the fibrous pericardium:
Parietal layer
Layer of the serous pericardium that lines the heart, forming the epicardium:
Visceral layer
Potential space between parietal and visceral layers of serous pericardium
Pericardial cavity
Main arterial supply of the pericardium:
Pericardiophrenic artery
Main venous drainage of the pericardium:
Pericardiophrenic vein
What are the sensory innervations of the phrenic nerve?
Fibrous pericardium
Parietal layer of serous pericardium (visceral layer doesn’t have sensory innervation)
Transverse sinus separates what structures?
Group 1: Aorta and pulmonary arteries
Group 2: SVC, IVC, Pulmonary veins
Blind ending passage posterior to the heart formed by the reflections of the visceral and parietal pericardium onto the vessels traversing the space
Oblique sinus
Main constituent of the base of the heart:
Left atrium
Attachment of myocardium and valvular cusps
Fibrous rings of the Fibrous skeleton
Protein component of fibrous skeleton
Collagen
Origin and insertion of myocardium
Origin: Fibrous ring of pulmonary valve
Insertion: Fibrous ring of aortic valve
Connection between fibrous rings
Fibrous trigone
Smooth and rough parts of atrial wall are separated by:
Sulcus terminalis (from outside) Crista terminalis (from inside)
Which part of the atrium does the SVC and IVC open?
Sinus venarum
Where does the coronary sinus open?
Between atrioventricular orifice and orifice of IVC
Separates the conus arteriosus/infundibulum and the muscular part of the right ventricle
Supraventricular crest
Curved muscular bundle that serves as a shortcut from inferior interventricular septum to the base of the anterior papillary muscle. It carries the right branch of the AV bundle.
Septomarginal trabecula
Where do the anterior, posterior, and septal papillary muscles attach to?
Anterior: Anterior and posterior cusps
Septal: Anterior and septal cusps
Posterior: Posterior and septal cusps
Smooth-walled region of the left ventricle
Aortic vestibule
How many degrees is the blood turning entering the left ventricle?
180 degrees
Where is the location of the opening of the left and right coronary arteries?
Right coronary artery = Right aortic sinus
Left coronary artery = Left aortic sinus
Valve of the coronary sinus to atrium
Thebsian valve
What supplies the SA and AV nodes?
Sinuatrial artery and AV nodal artery (branches of the right coronary artery)
SA node is 40% supplied by left coronary artery
Congenital heart defect involving a heart that includes a stenotic pulmonary valve, an aorta that rise from both ventricles, and an enlarged right ventricle
Tetralogy of Fallot
Mitral valve stenosis causes which murmur?
Diastolic murmur
Mitral regurgitation causes which murmur?
Systolic murmur
Aortic valve stenosis causes which murmur?
Systolic murmur
