Heart and Coronary Vessels

Question 1

what’s the order of blood vessels ? - basic

Answer 1

artery, arteriole, capillary, venule, vein

Question 2

what are conducting blood vessels? and why?

Answer 2

arteries and veins - no exchange occurs

Question 3

where does exchange of nutrients and gases occur?

Answer 3

capillaries

Question 4

what aspect of the blood vessels control the blood flow in and out the capillary?

Answer 4

arterioles and venules

Question 5

what are three structures of the vessel walls?

Answer 5

tunica externa/adventitia, tunica media, tunica intima

Question 6

why is tunica externa/adventitia important?

Answer 6

supportive tissue due to the collagen

Question 7

what is tunica media?

Answer 7

thick smooth muscle made w elastin

Question 8

what is tunica intima?

Answer 8

endothelium/subendothelium

Question 9

how are valves made?

Answer 9

folding of the tunica intima

Question 10

where are valves found?

Answer 10

veins

Question 11

where are vasa vasorum found?

Answer 11

in the tunica adventitia

Question 12

what are vasa vasorum?

Answer 12

vessels that supply vessels

Question 13

what blood system has high BP?

Answer 13

arterial - duhhhhh

Question 14

what does the arterial blood system do to maintain high BP?

Answer 14

has abundant elastic tissue to expand and recoil

Question 15

what happens to the arteries during systole and diasystole?

Answer 15

systole - expand; diasystole - recoil

Question 16

what layer of blood vessels is the thickest in the arterial system?

Answer 16

the media

Question 17

in the venous system the media is…

Answer 17

thinner

Question 18

what layer of blood vessels is the thickest in the venous system?

Answer 18

adventitia

Question 19

why can gases and nutrients exchange in the capillaries only?

Answer 19

as the endothelium is only one cell thick

Question 20

what specifically controls blood pressure/flow in to the capillary beds?

Answer 20

pre-capillary sphincter

Question 21

the descending aorta bifurcates (splits) at …

Answer 21

L4

Question 22

what are the three GI tract branches?

Answer 22

Coelic trunk, superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric

Question 23

where does the descending aorta emerge into the diaphragm?

Answer 23

T12

Question 24

what is the coeliac trunk?

Answer 24

foregut - supplies blood to spleen, stomach, liver and pancreas

Question 25

what is the superior mesenteric artery?

Answer 25

midgut - supplies blood to small intestine. takes up to 2/3 space

Question 26

what’s the inferior mesenteric artery?

Answer 26

hindgut - supplies to rectum and upper anal canal. size depends on embryological origin

Question 27

what’s the hepatic portal vein made out of?

Answer 27

inferior mesenteric + spleen + superior mesenteric

Question 28

what does the hepatic portal vein do?

Answer 28

drains the digestive tract and efficiently transports metabolic building blocks (sugars and amino acids) directly to the liver

Question 29

what does the external iliac artery become into ?

Answer 29

femoral artery

Question 30

where is the external iliac and femoral artery ?

Answer 30

iliac- in the pelvis, femoral - in the leg/by the femoral bone/ below the pelvis

Question 31

what are the major arteries in the upper limb? (in order)

Answer 31

subclavian - axillary - brachial - radial and ulnar

Question 32

where’s the subclavian artery?

Answer 32

under the collar bone

Question 33

where’s the axillary artery?

Answer 33

in the armpit

Question 34

where’s the brachial artery?

Answer 34

over the joint in the elbow

Question 35

what are the major arteries in the lower limb? (in order)

Answer 35

femoral - popliteal - tibial arteries - fibular (legs)

Question 36

what are the major veins in the upper limb? (in order)

Answer 36

ulnar and radial, brachial - axillary - subclavian

Question 37

what do the major veins in the upper limbs do?

Answer 37

drain the musculature of the hands, forearms and arms

Question 38

what are the major veins in the lower limb? (in order)

Answer 38

great and small saphenous, anterior and posterior tibial -popliteal vein

Question 39

which vein can the pulse of the artery be felt from?

Answer 39

vena comitantes/ v.v.’s

Question 40

what’s significant about vena comitantes/v.v’s?

Answer 40

bout 2 veins joining

Question 41

what’s important about the subcutaneous superficial vein?

Answer 41

used for coronary bypass grafts

Question 42

what does the disease/disorder varicose veins mean?

Answer 42

damages valves

Question 43

where do the carotid arteries supply?

Answer 43

the brain

Question 44

what supplies the anterior face with blood?

Answer 44

facial artery - duhhhh

Question 45

where does the common carotid bifurcate (splits)

Answer 45

C3/C4 vertibrae

Question 46

how can we calculate the BP from the carotid?

Answer 46

carotid sinus

Question 47

where is the carotid pulse lateral to ?

Answer 47

C5/C6

Question 48

what are the three arterial cerebral supply?

Answer 48

anterior , middle, posterior

Question 49

what does anterior cerebral artery supply?

Answer 49

longitudinal fissure

Question 50

what does middle cerebral artery supply?

Answer 50

frontal lobe, some temporal lobe

Question 51

what does posterior cerebral artery supply?

Answer 51

occipital lobe and some of the temporal lobe

Question 52

why are cerebral accidents/strokes so significant?

Answer 52

as there is only one blood supply, therefore blockages can be life threatening

Question 53

how is the dural venous sinuses drained?

Answer 53

via the internal jugular vein

Question 54

where does the external jugular vein drain into?

Answer 54

subclavian vein