Heart Anatomy

Question 1

Pericardium

Answer 1

Sac around heart, provides protection and lubrication to beating heart.
Three layers (superficial to deep):
-fibrous pericardium
-serous pericardium made of the parietal layer which is attached to the fibrous pericardium and the visceral layer which is attached to heart, both layers combine to make a sac called the pericardial cavity that is filled with serous fluid.
-loss of serous fluid leads to pericarditis and death

Question 2

Heart wall layers

Answer 2

• epicardium
• myocardium
• endocardium

Question 3

Right atrium

Answer 3

• Receiving chamber of blood from systemic circulation (sup. And Inf. Vena cava, and coronary sinus), blood passes from atria through the right AV or tricuspid valve.
• SA and AV node
• interatrial septum and fossa ovalis separate the right and left atria, fossa ovalis was once the foramen ovals which acted as a shunt in the fetal heart
• pectinate muscle strengthen walls

Question 4

Right ventricle

Answer 4

• pumps oxygen poor blood through pulmonary semilunar valve into pulmonary trunk
• ventricles separated by interventricular septum
• chordae tendinaea (heartstrings) prevent tricuspid valve from everyone, are anchored by papillary muscles
• teabedulae carnae

Question 5

Left atrium

Answer 5

Receives oxygen rich blood from pulmonary veins pushes blood through Left AV or bicuspid or mitral valves

Question 6

Left ventricle

Answer 6

Pump s oxygen-rich blood through aortic semilunar valve into the aorta and on to the systemic circulation.
-most muscular portion of heart, 3x thicker than right ventricle

Question 7

Heart sounds

Answer 7

“Lub” - closing of AV valves

“Dub” - closing of semilunar valves

Question 8

Vein and artery differences in heart

Answer 8

2 pulmonary arteries but four pulmonary veins

Question 9

Coronary arteries

Answer 9

Right: right coronary, right interventricular, right marginal.
Left: left coronary, circumflex, anterior interventricular.

Question 10

Coronary veins

Answer 10

Coronary Veins -> coronary sinus-> rt. Atrium

Question 11

Myocardial infarction

Answer 11

“Heart attack”

Caused by blockage of a coronary artery, usually left anterior interventricular, and cause heart muscle to die from lack of oxygen

Question 12

Mediastinum

Answer 12

Space within thoracic cavity, heart and pericardium is in middle portion of inferior mediastinum