Articulations

Question 1

Classification of joints - structural classification

Answer 1

• fibrous (connected by fibrous tissue)
• cartilaginous (connected by cartilage
• synovial (contains joint cavity)

Question 2

Fibrous Types

Answer 2

• Suture (Synarthrosis, between bones of skull)
• gomphoses (Synarthrosis, periodontal ligaments attaching teeth to bone)
• syndsmoses (amphiarthrosis, tibia and fibula & radius and ulna, connected by ligaments

Question 3

Cartilaginous types

Answer 3

• Synchondrosis (Synarthrosis, connection by hyaline cartilage, ex. Ribs to sternum(costochondral joint))
• symphysis (amphiarthrosis, connected by fibrocartillage, pubic symphysis and intervertebral discs)

Question 4

Synovial joints

Answer 4

• diarthrosis
• contains joint capsule and synovial membrane
• ex: shoulder, elbow, hip, knee
• made up of 1- articulate capsule (fibrous layer and synovial membrane) 2- synovial fluid 3-joint cavity

Question 5

Rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 5

Bilateral, autoimmune disease where cartilage is seen as an enemy, destroyed, bones fuse, hurts in morning and gets better during day

Question 6

Osteoarthritis

Answer 6

Not inflammation, better called arthroses, unilateral, feels better in mornings by and gets worse

Question 7

Intervertebral joints

Answer 7

Symphysis: between vertebral bodies

Synovial or gliding: between articular processes

Question 8

Recognize Intervertebral ligaments

Answer 8

“Longitudinal” - long, longitude is measurement above or below equator,
“-spinous” - associated with spine
FLAVUM

Question 9

Shoulder joint

Answer 9

-called the glenohumoral joint (head of humerus, glenoid cavity of scapula)
-most mobile, but least stable joint
Ball-and-socket joint

Question 10

Recognize shoulder ligaments and bursar

Answer 10

“Acromio-“ related to acromion of the scapula
“Coraco” - related to the coracoid process of humerus
“Gleno” or “humeral” - related to glenoid fossa of the humerus
“Deltoid”
“Scapular”

Question 11

Elbow joint

Answer 11

Humero-ulnar joint: trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of ulna (hinge joint.
Humeroradial joint: capitulation of humerus and head of radius.

Question 12

Recognize elbow ligaments

Answer 12

“Radial” or “ulnar”

“ANNULAR”

Question 13

Hip joint

Answer 13

-coxal joint, head of femur and acetabulum, ball-and-socket

Question 14

Recognize hip ligaments

Answer 14

“Ilio” “femoral” “pubo” “ischio” “TERES”

Question 15

Knee joint

Answer 15

• tibiofemoral joint

- patellarfemoral joint

Question 16

Knee ligaments

Answer 16

• Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) attaches to anterior of the tibia, crosses with PCL
• Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) attaches to posterior of the tibia, crosses with ACL
• Medial (tibial) collateral ligament (MCL)
• Lateral (fibular) collateral ligament (LCL)

Question 17

Classifications of joints - Functional classification

Answer 17

• Synarthrosis (immovable)
• amphiarthrosis (slightly moveable)
• diarthrosis (freely moveable)