Heart Anatomy

Question 1

Heart is a _____

pump

Answer 1

Heart is a double pump

Question 2

Arteries carry blood _____ from the heart

Answer 2

away

Question 3

Veins carry blood _____ the heart

Answer 3

toward

Question 4

Pulmonary means…

Answer 4

Lungs

Question 5

Alveoli:

Answer 5

Air sacks in the lungs that transfer O2 and CO2 into and out of the blood

Question 6

Pulmonary diffusion

Answer 6

From the alveoli, the oxygen is allowed to ‘diffuse’ into the blood, and carbon dioxide is allowed to ‘diffuse’ from the blood into the lungs.

Question 7

How many section in the heart? What are they called?

Answer 7

4 main chambers.

Left Atrium,
Left Ventricle
Right Atrium,
Right Ventricle

Question 8

Parietal Pericardium

Answer 8

A sac like structure that holds the heart in place and contains a small amount of serous fluid that reduces friction as the heart moves

Question 9

How many beats in the average lifetime?

Answer 9

The average heart beats around 2.5 billion times.

Question 10

Epicardium

Answer 10

Outer layer of the wall of the heart which protects the heart while reducing friction.

Question 11

Myocardium

Answer 11

Thick middle layer of the wall of the heart which consists mostly of cardiac muscle tissue that pumps blood out of the hearts chambers.

Question 12

Endocardium

Answer 12

Inner layer of the wall of the heart which is continuous with the inner linings of of blood vessels attached to the heart.

Question 13

Systemic circuits

Answer 13

Sends oxygenated blood and nutrients to all body cells and removes carbon dioxide as well as waste.

Question 14

Normal blood pressure

What are each numbers?

Answer 14

120/80
systolic = numerator
diastolic = dominator

Question 15

systolic - blood pressure

Answer 15

pressure in arteries when your heart beats.

Question 16

diastolic - blood pressure

Answer 16

the pressure in the arteries when the heart is relaxing

Question 17

Atrium or Atria

Answer 17

Thin walled and receive blood returning to the heart

Question 18

Ventricle

Answer 18

Muscular chamber that pumps blood out of the heart.

Question 19

Blood vessels consist of…

Answer 19

Arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins

Question 20

Which ventricle pumps where?

which one is thicker?

Answer 20

Left ventricle is thicker as it pumps blood to the whole body.
Right ventricle is thinner as it only pumps to the lungs.

Question 21

Pulmonary circuit

Answer 21

It sends oxygen depleted blood to the lungs to pick up O2 (oxygen) and unload CO2 (carbon dioxide).

Question 22

__________ blood enters the right ______ via the ________and _________, _____ _____

Answer 22

Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium via the superior and inferior vena cava.

Question 23

from the ____ _____ the deoxygenated blood travels through the _______ _______ into the ______ _______.

Answer 23

from the right atrium the deoxygenated blood travels through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle.

Question 24

the _____ ______ pumps the blood through the _______ _________ into the _________ __________ and towards the _____ where it becomes ____________ blood.

Answer 24

the right ventricle pumps the blood through the pulmonic valve into the pulmonary artery and towards the lungs where it becomes oxygenated blood.

Question 25

the _______ blood is brought back to the _____ via the __________ _____ which enters the ____ ______.

Answer 25

the oxygenated blood is brought back to the heart via the pulmonary veins which enters the left atrium.

Question 26

from the left ______ blood flows into the ____ _________ via the _____ valve.

Answer 26

from the left atrium blood flows into the left ventricle via the bicuspid valve.

Question 27

the ____ ________ then pumps the oxygenated blood to the _____ via the ______ _____, which will distribute the ___________ blood to all parts of the ____.

Answer 27

the left ventricle then pumps the oxygenated blood to the aorta via the aortic valve which will distribute the oxygenated blood to all parts of the body.

Question 28

2 main types of arteries

Answer 28

Elastic and Muscular

Question 29

4 main types of Veins

Answer 29

Pulmonary, systemic, deep, superficial.

Question 30

3 main types of capillaries

Answer 30

Continuous
Fenestrated
Discontinued/Sinusoid

Question 31

Continuous capillaries

Answer 31

these capillaries have no perforations and allow only small molecule to pass through. They are present in muscle, skin, fat and nerve tissue.

Question 32

Fenestrated capillary

Answer 32

These capillaries have small pores that allow small molecules through and are located in the intestines, kidneys, and endocrine glands.

Question 33

Coronary Arteries

Answer 33

The arterial blood vessels of coronary circulation, which transport oxygenated blood to the heart muscle.

Question 34

Discontinuous/sinusoid capillary

Answer 34

these capillaries have large open pores - large enough to allow a blood cell through. They are present in the bone marrow, lymph nodes, and the spleen, and are, in essence, the ‘‘leakiest’’ of the capillaries.

Question 35

Coronary veins

Answer 35

The primary physiological function of the coronary veins is to carry deoxygenated blood from the myocardium and back to the heart chambers.

Question 36

Coronary Sulcus

Answer 36

The atria’s and ventricles are separated from the ventricles by the coronary sulcus that contains the coronary veins and arteries.

Question 37

Four components of blood

Answer 37

Red blood cells
White blood cells
Plasma
Platelets

Question 38

Red Blood Cells

Answer 38

Red blood cells starts as immature cells in the bone marrow and after approximately seven days of maturation, they are released into the bloodstream. They have no nucleus meaning they are more flexible helping them fit through various blood vessels. It also limits the life of the cell, they only survive around 120 days.
Carry; iron, oxygen, nutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, fats)

Question 39

White Blood Cells

Answer 39

White blood cells are made in the bone marrow and found in the blood and lymph tissue. White blood cells are part of the body’s immune system. They help the body fight infection, diseases and other foreign substances.
Immunity development.

Question 40

Plasma

Answer 40

The liquid component of blood is called plasma, a mixture of water, sugar, fat, protein and salts. The main job of plasma is to transport blood cells throughout the body along with nutrients, waste product, antibodies, clotting proteins, hormones and proteins .

Question 41

Platelets

Answer 41

Platelets help the blood clotting process (coagulation) by gathering at the site of an injury, sticking to the lining of the injured blood vessel, and forming a foundation in which coagulation can occur. This results in the formation of a fibrin clot, which covers the wound and prevents blood from leaking out.