Heart Anatomy Flashcards
to be written
Heart is a _____
pump
Heart is a double pump
Arteries carry blood _____ from the heart
away
Veins carry blood _____ the heart
toward
Pulmonary means…
Lungs
Alveoli:
Air sacks in the lungs that transfer O2 and CO2 into and out of the blood
Pulmonary diffusion
From the alveoli, the oxygen is allowed to ‘diffuse’ into the blood, and carbon dioxide is allowed to ‘diffuse’ from the blood into the lungs.
How many section in the heart? What are they called?
4 main chambers.
Left Atrium,
Left Ventricle
Right Atrium,
Right Ventricle
Parietal Pericardium
A sac like structure that holds the heart in place and contains a small amount of serous fluid that reduces friction as the heart moves
How many beats in the average lifetime?
The average heart beats around 2.5 billion times.
Epicardium
Outer layer of the wall of the heart which protects the heart while reducing friction.
Myocardium
Thick middle layer of the wall of the heart which consists mostly of cardiac muscle tissue that pumps blood out of the hearts chambers.
Endocardium
Inner layer of the wall of the heart which is continuous with the inner linings of of blood vessels attached to the heart.
Systemic circuits
Sends oxygenated blood and nutrients to all body cells and removes carbon dioxide as well as waste.
Normal blood pressure
What are each numbers?
120/80
systolic = numerator
diastolic = dominator
systolic - blood pressure
pressure in arteries when your heart beats.
diastolic - blood pressure
the pressure in the arteries when the heart is relaxing
Atrium or Atria
Thin walled and receive blood returning to the heart
Ventricle
Muscular chamber that pumps blood out of the heart.
Blood vessels consist of…
Arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins
Which ventricle pumps where?
which one is thicker?
Left ventricle is thicker as it pumps blood to the whole body.
Right ventricle is thinner as it only pumps to the lungs.
Pulmonary circuit
It sends oxygen depleted blood to the lungs to pick up O2 (oxygen) and unload CO2 (carbon dioxide).
__________ blood enters the right ______ via the ________and _________, _____ _____
Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium via the superior and inferior vena cava.
from the ____ _____ the deoxygenated blood travels through the _______ _______ into the ______ _______.
from the right atrium the deoxygenated blood travels through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle.
the _____ ______ pumps the blood through the _______ _________ into the _________ __________ and towards the _____ where it becomes ____________ blood.
the right ventricle pumps the blood through the pulmonic valve into the pulmonary artery and towards the lungs where it becomes oxygenated blood.
the _______ blood is brought back to the _____ via the __________ _____ which enters the ____ ______.
the oxygenated blood is brought back to the heart via the pulmonary veins which enters the left atrium.
from the left ______ blood flows into the ____ _________ via the _____ valve.
from the left atrium blood flows into the left ventricle via the bicuspid valve.
the ____ ________ then pumps the oxygenated blood to the _____ via the ______ _____, which will distribute the ___________ blood to all parts of the ____.
the left ventricle then pumps the oxygenated blood to the aorta via the aortic valve which will distribute the oxygenated blood to all parts of the body.
2 main types of arteries
Elastic and Muscular
4 main types of Veins
Pulmonary, systemic, deep, superficial.
3 main types of capillaries
Continuous
Fenestrated
Discontinued/Sinusoid
Continuous capillaries
these capillaries have no perforations and allow only small molecule to pass through. They are present in muscle, skin, fat and nerve tissue.
Fenestrated capillary
These capillaries have small pores that allow small molecules through and are located in the intestines, kidneys, and endocrine glands.
Coronary Arteries
The arterial blood vessels of coronary circulation, which transport oxygenated blood to the heart muscle.
Discontinuous/sinusoid capillary
these capillaries have large open pores - large enough to allow a blood cell through. They are present in the bone marrow, lymph nodes, and the spleen, and are, in essence, the ‘‘leakiest’’ of the capillaries.
Coronary veins
The primary physiological function of the coronary veins is to carry deoxygenated blood from the myocardium and back to the heart chambers.
Coronary Sulcus
The atria’s and ventricles are separated from the ventricles by the coronary sulcus that contains the coronary veins and arteries.
Four components of blood
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Plasma
Platelets
Red Blood Cells
Red blood cells starts as immature cells in the bone marrow and after approximately seven days of maturation, they are released into the bloodstream. They have no nucleus meaning they are more flexible helping them fit through various blood vessels. It also limits the life of the cell, they only survive around 120 days.
Carry; iron, oxygen, nutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, fats)
White Blood Cells
White blood cells are made in the bone marrow and found in the blood and lymph tissue. White blood cells are part of the body’s immune system. They help the body fight infection, diseases and other foreign substances.
Immunity development.
Plasma
The liquid component of blood is called plasma, a mixture of water, sugar, fat, protein and salts. The main job of plasma is to transport blood cells throughout the body along with nutrients, waste product, antibodies, clotting proteins, hormones and proteins .
Platelets
Platelets help the blood clotting process (coagulation) by gathering at the site of an injury, sticking to the lining of the injured blood vessel, and forming a foundation in which coagulation can occur. This results in the formation of a fibrin clot, which covers the wound and prevents blood from leaking out.
