Heart

Question 1

Goals of treatment of heart failure

Answer 1

Decrease hospital readmission

treat symptoms

Question 2

Action of bile acid binding sequestrants

Answer 2

reduce cholesterol absorption in the small intestines

Question 3

Adverse effects of bile acid binding sequestrants

Answer 3

constipation and myopathy with statins

Question 4

what do bile acid binding sequestrants do

Answer 4

slow the progression of CHD

Question 5

action of HMG-COA Reductase inhibitor (Statins)

Answer 5

Lower LDL- the liver removes more from circulation

Question 6

Adverse effects of statins

Answer 6

Myopathy, hepatotoxicity and no pregnant

Question 7

Purpose of statins

Answer 7

slow progression of CHD

Question 8

Minoxidil-

Answer 8

direct action on vascular system

Question 9

Adverse effects of minxidil

Answer 9

orthostatic hypotension and reflex tachycardia

Question 10

purpose of Minxidil

Answer 10

HTN, Angina Pectoris, HF, MI

Question 11

Dysrythmias

Answer 11

arise from disturbances in impluse formation

- tachydysrhythmias (large) vs. bardydysrhythmias (small)

Question 12

Action of Fibric Acid Derivatives

Answer 12

Lower TG
Raise HDL
Lower VLDL

Question 13

Adverse of Fibric Acid Derivatives

Answer 13

Risk of bleeding with warfarin

myopathy with statins

Question 14

Purpose of Fibric Acid Derivatives

Answer 14

slow progress of CHD

Question 15

What regulates BP

Answer 15

CNS, RAAS, Kidneys

Question 16

Risk for CHD

Answer 16

Men over 45 and women over 55
Family history 
HTN
Metabolic syndrome 
High TG
smoker

Question 17

Natriuretic Peptide

Answer 17

protect cardiovascular system in the event of volume overload

• released in response to increased preload
• dilate veins and arteries

Question 18

Dihydropyridines CCB action

Answer 18

vasodilation -> Lower BP, increased HR, increased force

* not used for dysrhythmias

Question 19

Dihydropyridines CCB adverse effects

Answer 19

flushing, dizziness, headache, peripheral edema, gingival hyperplasia

Question 20

Verapamil and Diltiazem CCB action

Answer 20

vasodilation -> Lower BP, increased coronary perfusion

Question 21

Adverse effects of Verapamil and Diltiazem CCB

Answer 21

constipation
dizziness
facial flushing
headache
edema

Question 22

uses of Verapamil and Diltiazem CCB

Answer 22

AP, HTN, dysrhythmias and migraines

Question 23

action of CCB

Answer 23

prevent calcium ions from entering cells which prevents contraction and causes dilation

Question 24

Action of ARBs

Answer 24

block access of angiotensin II, and causes dilation

Decreases aldosterone and excretes sodium and water

Question 25

adverse effects of ARBs

Answer 25

angioedema fetal harm renal failure

Question 26

uses of ARBs

Answer 26

``` HTN, HF diabetic nephropathy MI Stroke Migraines ```

Question 27

factors that influence venous return

Answer 27

systemic filling pressure auxillary muscle pumps resistance to flow between peripheral vessels and R. atria

Question 28

DRI (Aliskirin) action

Answer 28

binds to renin to inhibit conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I * suppresses RAAS

Question 29

Use of DRI

Answer 29

HTN

Question 30

functions of the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 30

regulation of cardiovascular system regulation of temperature fight/flight

Question 31

cardioselective Beta blockers action

Answer 31

reduce SNS stimulation of heart- decrease HR, contractility and oxygen demands

Question 32

adverse effects of beta blockers

Answer 32

fluid retention hypotension fatigue bradycardia and heartblock