Diuretics Flashcards
renal processes
filtration, active secretion, reabsorption
filtration
kidneys filter everything that goes through them
active secretion
pump out unneeded metabolic wastes, drugs, and toxins
reabsorption
they absorb back water, nutrients, and electrolytes that are valuable to the body
diuretics work by
altering reabsorption
diuretics limit the absorption of
sodium– stops the reabsorption of water- gets rid of fluid accumulation in body
who can diuretics help
people with hypertension, cardiac or pulmonary edema, peripheral edema
how do loop diuretics work
block reabsorption of sodium, chloride, and water in the loop of Henle of the nephron
what is the prototype of loop diuretics
Furosemide (Lasix)
what is the strongest, most powerful diuretic with a rapid onset?
loop diuretics
what are loop diuretics used for
treating serious pulmonary edema and cardiac edema, cirrhosis of the liver, and for hypertension when other diuretics were not effective
what are the adverse effects of loop diuretics
dehydration, electrolyte loss, orthostatic hypoetensions, hyperglycemia in diabetics, and ototoxicity
how do thiazide diuretics work?
block reabsorption of sodium, chloride, and water in the distal convoluted tubule of nephron
what is the prototype of thiazide diuretics?
hydrochlorothiazide
what is a thiazide diuretic most often used to treat?
hypertension (1st choice)
what are the adverse effects of thiazide diuretics?
electrolyte loss, orthostatic hypotension, hyperglycemia
how do potassium-sparing diuretics work?
block the actions of aldosterone in the distal nephron
what is the prototype of potassium-sparing diuretics
spironolactone
what are the adverse effects of potassium-sparing diuretics
hyperkalemia, endocrine effects (menstrual irregularities and impotence)
how do the osmotics work?
promote diuresis by creating osmotic force within the lumen of the nephron
what is the protoype of the osmotics
Mannitol (rarely used today)
what are the therapeutic uses of the osmotics?
prophylaxis of renal failure, reduction of intracranial pressure, and reduction of intraoccular pressure
what are the nursing responsibilities of diuretics?
- establish baseline BP
- monitor electrolytes
- I&O
- daily weights
- administer before 6pm to avoid nocturia
- increased tolieting reminders and cares
- fall risk prevention
common foods high in potassium
- dates
- bananas
- raisins
- veal
- sardines
- potatoes
- peanuts
- gingersnaps
