Diuretics

Question 1

renal processes

Answer 1

filtration, active secretion, reabsorption

Question 2

filtration

Answer 2

kidneys filter everything that goes through them

Question 3

active secretion

Answer 3

pump out unneeded metabolic wastes, drugs, and toxins

Question 4

reabsorption

Answer 4

they absorb back water, nutrients, and electrolytes that are valuable to the body

Question 5

diuretics work by

Answer 5

altering reabsorption

Question 6

diuretics limit the absorption of

Answer 6

sodium– stops the reabsorption of water- gets rid of fluid accumulation in body

Question 7

who can diuretics help

Answer 7

people with hypertension, cardiac or pulmonary edema, peripheral edema

Question 8

how do loop diuretics work

Answer 8

block reabsorption of sodium, chloride, and water in the loop of Henle of the nephron

Question 9

what is the prototype of loop diuretics

Answer 9

Furosemide (Lasix)

Question 10

what is the strongest, most powerful diuretic with a rapid onset?

Answer 10

loop diuretics

Question 11

what are loop diuretics used for

Answer 11

treating serious pulmonary edema and cardiac edema, cirrhosis of the liver, and for hypertension when other diuretics were not effective

Question 12

what are the adverse effects of loop diuretics

Answer 12

dehydration, electrolyte loss, orthostatic hypoetensions, hyperglycemia in diabetics, and ototoxicity

Question 13

how do thiazide diuretics work?

Answer 13

block reabsorption of sodium, chloride, and water in the distal convoluted tubule of nephron

Question 14

what is the prototype of thiazide diuretics?

Answer 14

hydrochlorothiazide

Question 15

what is a thiazide diuretic most often used to treat?

Answer 15

hypertension (1st choice)

Question 16

what are the adverse effects of thiazide diuretics?

Answer 16

electrolyte loss, orthostatic hypotension, hyperglycemia

Question 17

how do potassium-sparing diuretics work?

Answer 17

block the actions of aldosterone in the distal nephron

Question 18

what is the prototype of potassium-sparing diuretics

Answer 18

spironolactone

Question 19

what are the adverse effects of potassium-sparing diuretics

Answer 19

hyperkalemia, endocrine effects (menstrual irregularities and impotence)

Question 20

how do the osmotics work?

Answer 20

promote diuresis by creating osmotic force within the lumen of the nephron

Question 21

what is the protoype of the osmotics

Answer 21

Mannitol (rarely used today)

Question 22

what are the therapeutic uses of the osmotics?

Answer 22

prophylaxis of renal failure, reduction of intracranial pressure, and reduction of intraoccular pressure

Question 23

what are the nursing responsibilities of diuretics?

Answer 23

• establish baseline BP
• monitor electrolytes
• I&O
• daily weights
• administer before 6pm to avoid nocturia
• increased tolieting reminders and cares
• fall risk prevention

Question 24

common foods high in potassium

Answer 24

• dates
• bananas
• raisins
• veal
• sardines
• potatoes
• peanuts
• gingersnaps