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NRSG 245 > Gastric Meds > Flashcards

Gastric Meds Flashcards

1
Q

what is heartburn

A

painful burning feeling in chest or throat

- stomach acid backs up into esophagus

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2
Q

why is treating heartburn important?

A

overtime, reflux can damage the esophagus

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3
Q

what is GERD

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease

  • heart burn more than twice a week
  • muscle at end of esophagus does not close properly
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4
Q

what are the signs typical of heartburn

A
  • sharp, burning sensation just below breast bone or ribs
  • pain usually comes after meal, when lying on back, when exercising, or with anxiety
  • pain generally does not radiate
  • responds quickly to antacids
  • rarely accompanied by cold sweat
  • BP and HR elevate due to pain stress
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5
Q

Upper GI endoscopy

A

procedure that uses a lighted, flexible endoscope to see inside the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine

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6
Q

PUD

A

peptic ulcer disease

-painful sores or ulcers in the lining of the stomach or small intestine

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7
Q

what is PUD caused by

A
  • H. pylori bacteria (very common)
  • excessive use of NSAID painkillers
  • gastric tumor (rare)
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8
Q

symptoms of PUD

A
  • heartburn
  • severe pain in mid to upper abdomen
  • nausea, vomiting
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9
Q

patients at high risk for PUD

A

50 yrs or older

family history

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10
Q

can make ulcer symptoms worse and prevent healing

A

stress and spicy foods

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11
Q

H. pylori

A

bacterium that is a major cause of peptic ulcers

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12
Q

antibiotics used to treat H. pylori

A

Clarithromycin, amoxicillin, Bismuth subsalicylate, tetracycline, metronidazole, tinidazole

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13
Q

how does clarithromycin work

A

suppresses growth of H. pylori by inhibiting protein synthesis

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14
Q

what are the most common side effects of clarithromycin

A

nausea, diarrhea, distortion of taste

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15
Q

how does amoxicillin work

A

kills bacteria by disrupting cell wall of H. pylori

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16
Q

what is the most common side effect of amoxicillin

A

diarrhea

17
Q

how does bismuth subsalicylate work

A

act topically to disrupt call wall of H. pylori causing lysis and death

18
Q

what is a common side of effect of bismuth subsalicylate

A

harmless and temporary black coloration of tongue and stools

19
Q

how does tetracycline work

A

inhibitor of bacterial protein synthesis

20
Q

what is a common side effect of tetracycline

A

potential to stain developing teeth in pregnant women and young children

21
Q

what is a precaution of the use of Metronidazole and tinidazole

A

do not take within 48 hours of alcohol

22
Q

how do antacids work?

A

acts as a base to neutralize stomach acids

23
Q

what are some examples of antacids

A 
magnesium hydroxide (Milk of magnesia)
calcium carbonate (tums)
sodium bicarbonate (alka-seltzer)
24
Q

what are the dangers of overuse of antacids

A

kidney stones, kidney failure, infections (higher stomach pH)

25
Q

how do H2 receptor antagonists work

A

lower production of stomach acid

26
Q

what are some examples of H2 receptor antagonists

A

cimetidine (tagamet)
famotidine (pepsid)
Ranitidine (Zantac)

27
Q

what are some side effects of H2 receptor antagonists

A

headache, dizziness, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting

28
Q

how do Proton Pump Inhibitors work

A

block the production of stomach acid

29
Q

what are some examples of proton pump inhibitors

A

omeprazole (prilosec)

esomeprazole (nexium)

30
Q

what are some adverse effects of proton pump inhibitors

A

pneumonia, bone fractures, rebound dyspepsia, hypomagnesia

31
Q

what is an example of a mucosal protectant?

A

Sucralfate

32
Q

how do mucosal protectants work

A

promote ulcer healing by creating a protective barrier against acid
- forms sticky gel over ulcer crater

33
Q

what are some drugs to avoid with gastric ulcers

A

NSAIDs, alcohol, and smoking

34
Q

what are some body mechanics to help with gastric ulcers

A

avoid exercising, bending over, or laying flat after eating

- sleep with HOB at least 30 degrees

35
Q

how can diet help with gastric ulcers

A

avoid overeating, consider 5 or 6 small meals a day, identify foods that irritate gastric mucosa, identify food that sooth gastric mucosa

36
Q

which gastric meds end in “-dine”

A

H2 receptor antagonists

37
Q

how long should you wait before eating after taking a mucosal protectant

A

1 hour

NRSG 245 (3 decks)

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