Heart

Question 1

Koch’s triangle of right atrium
a. Borders

Answer 1

Eustachian ridge and tendon of Todaro
Thebesian valve (valve of coronary sinus)
Septal leaflet of tricuspid valve

Question 2

Landmark to locate the AV node for catheter ablation procedure in re-entrant tachycardias

Answer 2

Koch’s triangle

Question 3

Buzzword: sulcus terminalis, crista terminalis, fossa ovalis, sinus venarum

Answer 3

Right atrium

Question 4

Buzzword: moderator band

Answer 4

Right ventricle

Question 5

Buzzword: most posterior of heart chamber for tumor with 4 pulmonary veins

Answer 5

Left atrium

Question 7

Right coronary artery supplies the

Answer 7

Right atrium

Question 8

Right marginal artery and LAD or anterior interventricular artery supplies

Answer 8

1/3 Right ventricle

Question 9

Left marginal artery supplies

Answer 9

Left ventricle

Question 10

Interventricular septum and apex 2/3

Answer 10

LAD or anterior interventricular artery left

Question 11

Embryology of aortic arch
(MS. CASPs)

Answer 11

1st pair: Maxillary artery
2nd pair: S2pedial artery
3rd pair: CCA (distal ICA)
4th pair: prox: Arch of aorta distal: right Subclavian artery
5th pair: (-)
6th pair: Pulmonary arteries left, distal: Ductus arteriosus; Right degenerates distal part

Question 12

PDA common in

Answer 12

Females

Question 13

PDA is commonly caused by

Answer 13

Maternal rubella infection during early pregnancy

Question 14

In PDA aortic blood is shunted to

Answer 14

Pulmonary artery

Question 16

Left atrium and ventricle

Answer 16

Left circumflex artery

Question 17

SA node supplied by

Answer 17

SA nodal artery from right coronary artery

Question 18

AV node supplied by

Answer 18

AV nodal artery from posterior ventricular branch

Question 19

Posterior 1/3 of the heart (not to apex)

Answer 19

Zq/3 posterior interventricular artery

Question 21

Fate of primitive heart:
Primitive atrium :

Answer 21

Left atrium

Question 22

Sinus venosus (right horn) :

Answer 22

Right atrium

Question 23

Sinus venosus (left horn) :

Answer 23

Coronary sinus (vein going to right atrium)

Question 24

Bulbus cordis :

Answer 24

Right ventricle

Question 25

Truncus arteriosus :

Answer 25

Aorta and pulmonary trunk

Question 26

Aortic sac :

Answer 26

Aortic arch and vessels (brachioceohalic, subclavian L, and common carotid artery L)

Question 27

Umbilical vein :

Answer 27

Ligamentum teres / round ligament of liver part of falciform ligament Remains patent and used as exchange transfusion during early infancy

Question 28

Ductus venosus

Answer 28

Ligamentum venosum

Question 29

Umbilical arteries

Answer 29

Medial umbilical ligaments and proximal becomes superior vesical arteries (vesical:urinary bladder)

Question 30

Foramen ovale

Answer 30

Fossa ovalis closed at 3rd month

Question 31

Ductus arteriosus

Answer 31

Ligamentum arteriosum closed immediately at birth. Can Functionally closed Completely closed at 1 month

Question 32

3 venous drainage of the heart UVC

Answer 32

a) Umbilical vein / Allantoic or placental vein (return blood from placenta) b) Vitelline or omphalomesenteric vein (blood from splanchnopleura (yolk sac) becomes portal system) c) Cardinal veins (from simatooleura of embryo becomes caval system)

Question 33

Left umbilical vein may reopen and cause

Answer 33

Caput medusae

Question 34

Most common form of coarctation of aorta

Answer 34

Postductal coarctation

Question 35

Poor prognosis and aka infantile form of coarctation

Answer 35

Infantile form

Question 36

Coarctation anastomoses

Answer 36

Posterior intercostal (thoracic aorta) and internal thoracic aorta from subclavian —> anterior intercostal arteries

Question 37

COA causes ____ d/t dilation of intercostal arteries

Answer 37

Rib notching and resorption of ribs on xrays

Question 39

Common sites of central venous catheters

Answer 39

Subclavian IJV Femoral

Question 40

Approaches of central venous catheter

Answer 40

Infraclavicular approach (subclavian) Central or anterior approach (IJV)*

Question 41

Central or anterior approach what landmark?

Answer 41

In between the heads of SCM

Question 42

Infraclav approach what landmark?

Answer 42

2-4 cm lateral to midclavicle

Question 44

At what level does SVC drain to Right atrium (ending din)

Answer 44

@ 3rd, Right costal cartilage

Question 45

SVC syndrome a) anastomose where? b) symptoms? Common* c) signs PE d) complications

Answer 45

a) IJV to lateral thoracic veins to superior epigastric vein then drains to IVC b) dyspnea…. Facial and arm swelling, chest pain c) facial plethora, JVD, upper extremity edema d) increased IC pressure causing intracranial artery rupture and aneurysm

Question 47

CATCH-22 what syndrome?

Answer 47

DiGeorge syndrome Cyanotic heart disease Abnormal facies Thymic hypoplasia Cleft palate, cognitive impaired Hypoparathyroid (low calcium) 22q11.2 deletion

Question 49

Branch of CN IX that carries signal from carotid sinus to NTS

Answer 49

Hering nerve