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bio 150 exam 3 > heart > Flashcards

heart Flashcards

1
Q

The apex of the heart is found __________ of the midline of the body.
to the right
in the center
to the left

A

to the left

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2
Q

The plateau in the action potential of cardiac muscle results from the action of __________.
slow Ca2+ channels
fast Ca2+ channels
K+ inflow
Na+ inflow
K+ outflow

A

slow Ca2+ channels

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3
Q

The heart is enfolded within a space called the __________.
abdominal cavity
pericardial cavity
mediastinum
pleural cavity
myocardium

A

pericardial cavity

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4
Q

Atrial depolarization causes the _________.
QRS complex
quiescent period
first heart sound
P wave
T wave

A

P wave

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5
Q

Any abnormal cardiac rhythm is called a(n) __________.
nodal rhythm
heart block
sinus rhythm
arrhythmia
ectopic focus

A

arrhythmia

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6
Q

Cardioinhibitory centers in the __________ receive input from __________.
thalamus; chemoreceptors in the medulla oblongata
cortex; proprioceptors in the muscles
hypothalamus; proprioceptors in the joints
pons; baroreceptors in the internal carotid
medulla oblongata; chemoreceptors in the aortic arch

A

medulla oblongata; chemoreceptors in the aortic arch

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7
Q

Pericardial fluid is found between the __________ and the __________.
visceral layer of the serous pericardium; epicardium
visceral layer of the serous pericardium; myocardium
parietal layer of the serous pericardium; visceral layer of the serous pericardium
myocardium; endocardium
epicardium; myocardium

A

parietal layer of the serous pericardium; visceral layer of the serous pericardium

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8
Q

In a normal ECG, the deflection that is generated by ventricular repolarization is called the __________.
QRS wave
R wave
S wave
T wave
P wave

A

T wave

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9
Q

Cells of the sinuatrial node __________ during the pacemaker potential.
depolarize slow and repolarize fast
repolarize fast
repolarize slow
depolarize fast
depolarize slow

A

depolarize slow

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10
Q

Most of the ventricle filling occurs __________.
during atrial systole
during atrial diastole
during isovolumetric contraction
during ventricular systole
when the AV valve is closed

A

during atrial diastole

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11
Q

The long absolute refractory period of cardiomyocytes _________.
makes the heart prone to arrhythmias
ensures a short twitch
prevents tetanus
prevents the occurrence of ectopic focuses
causes the pacemaker potential

A

prevents tetanus

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12
Q

The shallow depression seen on the external surface of the heart between the left and right ventricles is called the __________.
coronary sulcus
interventricular sulcus
left atrium
interventricular septum
coronary sinus

A

interventricular sulcus

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13
Q

The __________ performs the work of the heart.
pericardial cavity
endocardium
epicardium
myocardium
fibrous skeleton

A

myocardium

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14
Q

Which of the following blood vessels receives blood directly from the right ventricle?
Ascending aorta
Right pulmonary vein
Pulmonary trunk
Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava

A

Pulmonary trunk

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15
Q

Mercury is used to measure blood pressure because it is __________ compared to other liquids.
less dense
more dense
lighter in color
darker in color
warmer

A

more dense

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16
Q

Which of the following is a feature shared by cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle?
Dependence upon nervous stimulation
Communication via electrical (gap) junctions
Intercalated discs
Autorhythmicity
Muscle fiber striations

A

Muscle fiber striations

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17
Q

Stroke volume is increased by __________.
increased venous return
negative inotropic agents
increased afterload
dehydration
high arterial blood pressure

A

increased venous return

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18
Q

After entering the right atrium, the furthest a red blood cell can travel is the _________.
right ventricle
superior vena cava
pulmonary trunk
left atrium
ascending aorta

A

superior vena cava

19
Q

The pacemaker potential is a result of _________.
Na+ outflow
Ca2+ inflow
K+ outflow
K+ inflow
Na+ inflow

A

Na+ inflow

20
Q

The __________ are the superior chambers of the heart and the _________ are the inferior chambers of the heart.
atria; ventricles
left ventricles; right ventricles
left atria; right atria
visceral layers of the serous percardiaum; parietal layers of the serous pericardium
ventricles; atria

A

atria; ventricles

21
Q

The right atrioventricular valve (tricuspid) regulates the opening between the _________ and the _________.
left ventricle; right ventricle
left atrium; left ventricle
right atrium; left ventricle
right atrium; right ventricle
right atrium; left atrium

A

right atrium; right ventricle

22
Q

Which of the following belong to the pulmonary circuit?
Aorta and pulmonary veins
Pulmonary arteries and venae cavae
Aorta and venae cavae
Pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins
Venae cavae and pulmonary veins

A

Pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins

23
Q

Electrical signals pass between cardiomyocytes through the __________.
aquaporins
gap junctions
desmosomes
tight junctions
hemidesmosomes

A

gap junctions

24
Q

When the aortic semilunar valve closes and blood bounces off of it, it produces the __________ heart sound that is ultimately related to when the __________.
lubb (S1); ventricles contract
lubb (S1); ventricles relax
lubb (S1); atria contract
dupp (S2); ventricles relax
dupp (S2); atria relax

A

dupp (S2); ventricles relax

25
Q

Which is the correct path of an electrical excitation from the pacemaker to a cardiomyocyte in the left ventricle (LV)?
Atrioventricular (AV) node → subendocardial conducting network → atrioventricular (AV) bundle → sinuatrial (SA) node → cardiomyocyte in LV
Atrioventricular (AV) node → sinuatrial (SA) node → atrioventricular (AV) bundle → subendocardial conducting network → cardiomyocyte in LV
Sinuatrial (SA) node → atrioventricular (AV) node → atrioventricular (AV) bundle → subendocardial conducting network → cardiomyocyte in LV
Sinuatrial (SA) node → atrioventricular (AV) node → subendocardial conducting network → atrioventricular (AV) bundle → cardiomyocyte in LV
Sinuatrial (SA) node → atrioventricular (AV) bundle → atrioventricular (AV) node → subendocardial conducting network → cardiomyocyte in LV

A

Sinuatrial (SA) node → atrioventricular (AV) node → atrioventricular (AV) bundle → subendocardial conducting network → cardiomyocyte in LV

26
Q

When the ventricles relax, the __________ valve prevents backflow of blood into the left ventricle.
pulmonary
left AV
right AV
mitral
aortic

A

aortic

27
Q

Which of the following is not part of the cardiac conduction system?
Tendinous cords
Subendocardial conducting network
Atrioventricular (AV) node
Sinuatrial (SA) node
Atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His)

A

Tendinous cords

28
Q

Assume that the left ventricle of a child’s heart has an EDV=90mL, and ESV=60mL, and a cardiac output of 2,400 mL/min. His SV is __________ mL/beat and his HR is __________ bpm.
16; 150
150; 16
80; 30
30; 80
40; 60

A

30; 80

29
Q

The area where the major vessels lead to and from the heart’s chambers is called the __________ of the heart. The pointy, inferior portion is called the ___________.
ventricle; atrium
atrium; ventricle
base; apex
endocardium; epicardium
apex; base

A

base; apex

30
Q

The Frank-Starling law of the heart states that stroke volume is proportional to __________.
the end-diastolic volume
the end-systolic volume
the heart rate
the afterload
contractility

A

the end-diastolic volume

31
Q

The chordae tendineae of the AV valves are anchored to the __________ of the ventricles.
trabeculae carnae
pectinate muscles
interatrial septum
papillary muscles
interventricular septum

A

papillary muscles

32
Q

Mitral valve prolapse causes blood to leak back into the __________ when the ventricles contract.
left atrium
right atrium
aorta
pulmonary trunk
pulmonary arteries

A

left atrium

33
Q

When the left ventricle contracts, the __________ valve closes and the __________ valve is pushed open.
mitral; pulmonary
right AV; aortic
right AV; pulmonary
mitral; aortic
aortic; pulmonary

A

mitral; aortic

34
Q

An extended period of time between the P wave and the QRS complex may indicate which of the following?
Ventricular contraction is faster than usual.
The atria are not contracting.
The signal is traveling too quickly to the AV node.
Ventricular contraction is taking longer than usual.
The signal is taking too long to get to the AV node.

A

The signal is taking too long to get to the AV node.

35
Q

The __________ provides most of the Ca2+ needed for myocardial contraction.
cytoskeleton
extracellular fluid
Golgi apparatus
mitochondria
sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

36
Q

The long plateau in the action potential observed in cardiomyocytes is probably related with __________ staying longer in the cytosol.
K+
Ca2+
Na+
Cl-
Na+, K+, and Ca2+

A

Ca2+

37
Q

Opening and closing of the heart valves is caused by _________.
pressure gradients
breathing
valves contracting and relaxing
osmotic gradients
gravity

A

pressure gradients

38
Q

The __________ valve regulates the flow of blood between the right ventricle and the vessels leading to the lungs.
aortic
left atrioventricular
pulmonary
mitral
right atrioventricular

A

pulmonary

39
Q

The __________ is the pacemaker that initiates each heart beat.
atrioventricular (AV) node
autonomic nervous system
sinuatrial (SA) node
sympathetic division of the nervous system
cardiac conduction system

A

sinuatrial (SA) node

40
Q

Which is the correct sequence of events of the cardiac cycle?
Ventricular filling → isovolumetric relaxation → isovolumetric contraction → ventricular ejection
Ventricular filling → isovolumetric relaxation → ventricular ejection → isovolumetric contraction
Ventricular filling → ventricular ejection → isovolumetric contraction → isovolumetric relaxation
Ventricular filling → isovolumetric contraction → ventricular ejection → isovolumetric relaxation
Ventricular filling → isovolumetric contraction → isovolumetric relaxation → ventricular ejection

A

Ventricular filling → isovolumetric contraction → ventricular ejection → isovolumetric relaxation

41
Q

Oxygen-poor blood passes through the _________.
left AV (mitral) and aortic valves
right AV (tricuspid) and pulmonary valves
pulmonary and aortic valves
left AV (mitral) valve only
right AV (tricuspid) valve only

A

right AV (tricuspid) and pulmonary valves

42
Q

When sodium channels are fully open, the membrane of the ventricular cardiomyocyte _________.
has no response
sharply hyperpolarizes
sharply repolarizes
sharply depolarizes
plateaus

A

sharply depolarizes

43
Q

Which of the following directly stems from the ascending aorta before it branches into the circumflex branch and anterior interventricular branch?
Great cardiac vein
Left coronary vein
Left coronary artery
Right coronary artery
Right coronary vein

A

Left coronary artery

bio 150 exam 3 (3 decks)

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