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bio 150 exam 3 > heart > Flashcards

heart Flashcards

1
Q

The apex of the heart is found __________ of the midline of the body.
to the right
in the center
to the left

A

to the left

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2
Q

The plateau in the action potential of cardiac muscle results from the action of __________.
slow Ca2+ channels
fast Ca2+ channels
K+ inflow
Na+ inflow
K+ outflow

A

slow Ca2+ channels

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3
Q

The heart is enfolded within a space called the __________.
abdominal cavity
pericardial cavity
mediastinum
pleural cavity
myocardium

A

pericardial cavity

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4
Q

Atrial depolarization causes the _________.
QRS complex
quiescent period
first heart sound
P wave
T wave

A

P wave

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5
Q

Any abnormal cardiac rhythm is called a(n) __________.
nodal rhythm
heart block
sinus rhythm
arrhythmia
ectopic focus

A

arrhythmia

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6
Q

Cardioinhibitory centers in the __________ receive input from __________.
thalamus; chemoreceptors in the medulla oblongata
cortex; proprioceptors in the muscles
hypothalamus; proprioceptors in the joints
pons; baroreceptors in the internal carotid
medulla oblongata; chemoreceptors in the aortic arch

A

medulla oblongata; chemoreceptors in the aortic arch

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7
Q

Pericardial fluid is found between the __________ and the __________.
visceral layer of the serous pericardium; epicardium
visceral layer of the serous pericardium; myocardium
parietal layer of the serous pericardium; visceral layer of the serous pericardium
myocardium; endocardium
epicardium; myocardium

A

parietal layer of the serous pericardium; visceral layer of the serous pericardium

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8
Q

In a normal ECG, the deflection that is generated by ventricular repolarization is called the __________.
QRS wave
R wave
S wave
T wave
P wave

A

T wave

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9
Q

Cells of the sinuatrial node __________ during the pacemaker potential.
depolarize slow and repolarize fast
repolarize fast
repolarize slow
depolarize fast
depolarize slow

A

depolarize slow

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10
Q

Most of the ventricle filling occurs __________.
during atrial systole
during atrial diastole
during isovolumetric contraction
during ventricular systole
when the AV valve is closed

A

during atrial diastole

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11
Q

The long absolute refractory period of cardiomyocytes _________.
makes the heart prone to arrhythmias
ensures a short twitch
prevents tetanus
prevents the occurrence of ectopic focuses
causes the pacemaker potential

A

prevents tetanus

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12
Q

The shallow depression seen on the external surface of the heart between the left and right ventricles is called the __________.
coronary sulcus
interventricular sulcus
left atrium
interventricular septum
coronary sinus

A

interventricular sulcus

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13
Q

The __________ performs the work of the heart.
pericardial cavity
endocardium
epicardium
myocardium
fibrous skeleton

A

myocardium

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14
Q

Which of the following blood vessels receives blood directly from the right ventricle?
Ascending aorta
Right pulmonary vein
Pulmonary trunk
Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava

A

Pulmonary trunk

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15
Q

Mercury is used to measure blood pressure because it is __________ compared to other liquids.
less dense
more dense
lighter in color
darker in color
warmer

A

more dense

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16
Q

Which of the following is a feature shared by cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle?
Dependence upon nervous stimulation
Communication via electrical (gap) junctions
Intercalated discs
Autorhythmicity
Muscle fiber striations

A

Muscle fiber striations

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17
Q

Stroke volume is increased by __________.
increased venous return
negative inotropic agents
increased afterload
dehydration
high arterial blood pressure

A

increased venous return

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18
Q

After entering the right atrium, the furthest a red blood cell can travel is the _________.
right ventricle
superior vena cava
pulmonary trunk
left atrium
ascending aorta

A

superior vena cava

19
Q

The pacemaker potential is a result of _________.
Na+ outflow
Ca2+ inflow
K+ outflow
K+ inflow
Na+ inflow

A

Na+ inflow

20
Q

The __________ are the superior chambers of the heart and the _________ are the inferior chambers of the heart.
atria; ventricles
left ventricles; right ventricles
left atria; right atria
visceral layers of the serous percardiaum; parietal layers of the serous pericardium
ventricles; atria

A

atria; ventricles

21
Q

The right atrioventricular valve (tricuspid) regulates the opening between the _________ and the _________.
left ventricle; right ventricle
left atrium; left ventricle
right atrium; left ventricle
right atrium; right ventricle
right atrium; left atrium

A

right atrium; right ventricle

22
Q

Which of the following belong to the pulmonary circuit?
Aorta and pulmonary veins
Pulmonary arteries and venae cavae
Aorta and venae cavae
Pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins
Venae cavae and pulmonary veins

A

Pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins

23
Q

Electrical signals pass between cardiomyocytes through the __________.
aquaporins
gap junctions
desmosomes
tight junctions
hemidesmosomes

A

gap junctions

24
Q

When the aortic semilunar valve closes and blood bounces off of it, it produces the __________ heart sound that is ultimately related to when the __________.
lubb (S1); ventricles contract
lubb (S1); ventricles relax
lubb (S1); atria contract
dupp (S2); ventricles relax
dupp (S2); atria relax

A

dupp (S2); ventricles relax

25
Which is the correct path of an electrical excitation from the pacemaker to a cardiomyocyte in the left ventricle (LV)? Atrioventricular (AV) node → subendocardial conducting network → atrioventricular (AV) bundle → sinuatrial (SA) node → cardiomyocyte in LV Atrioventricular (AV) node → sinuatrial (SA) node → atrioventricular (AV) bundle → subendocardial conducting network → cardiomyocyte in LV Sinuatrial (SA) node → atrioventricular (AV) node → atrioventricular (AV) bundle → subendocardial conducting network → cardiomyocyte in LV Sinuatrial (SA) node → atrioventricular (AV) node → subendocardial conducting network → atrioventricular (AV) bundle → cardiomyocyte in LV Sinuatrial (SA) node → atrioventricular (AV) bundle → atrioventricular (AV) node → subendocardial conducting network → cardiomyocyte in LV
Sinuatrial (SA) node → atrioventricular (AV) node → atrioventricular (AV) bundle → subendocardial conducting network → cardiomyocyte in LV
26
When the ventricles relax, the __________ valve prevents backflow of blood into the left ventricle. pulmonary left AV right AV mitral aortic
aortic
27
Which of the following is not part of the cardiac conduction system? Tendinous cords Subendocardial conducting network Atrioventricular (AV) node Sinuatrial (SA) node Atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His)
Tendinous cords
28
Assume that the left ventricle of a child's heart has an EDV=90mL, and ESV=60mL, and a cardiac output of 2,400 mL/min. His SV is __________ mL/beat and his HR is __________ bpm. 16; 150 150; 16 80; 30 30; 80 40; 60
30; 80
29
The area where the major vessels lead to and from the heart's chambers is called the __________ of the heart. The pointy, inferior portion is called the ___________. ventricle; atrium atrium; ventricle base; apex endocardium; epicardium apex; base
base; apex
30
The Frank-Starling law of the heart states that stroke volume is proportional to __________. the end-diastolic volume the end-systolic volume the heart rate the afterload contractility
the end-diastolic volume
31
The chordae tendineae of the AV valves are anchored to the __________ of the ventricles. trabeculae carnae pectinate muscles interatrial septum papillary muscles interventricular septum
papillary muscles
32
Mitral valve prolapse causes blood to leak back into the __________ when the ventricles contract. left atrium right atrium aorta pulmonary trunk pulmonary arteries
left atrium
33
When the left ventricle contracts, the __________ valve closes and the __________ valve is pushed open. mitral; pulmonary right AV; aortic right AV; pulmonary mitral; aortic aortic; pulmonary
mitral; aortic
34
An extended period of time between the P wave and the QRS complex may indicate which of the following? Ventricular contraction is faster than usual. The atria are not contracting. The signal is traveling too quickly to the AV node. Ventricular contraction is taking longer than usual. The signal is taking too long to get to the AV node.
The signal is taking too long to get to the AV node.
35
The __________ provides most of the Ca2+ needed for myocardial contraction. cytoskeleton extracellular fluid Golgi apparatus mitochondria sarcoplasmic reticulum
sarcoplasmic reticulum
36
The long plateau in the action potential observed in cardiomyocytes is probably related with __________ staying longer in the cytosol. K+ Ca2+ Na+ Cl- Na+, K+, and Ca2+
Ca2+
37
Opening and closing of the heart valves is caused by _________. pressure gradients breathing valves contracting and relaxing osmotic gradients gravity
pressure gradients
38
The __________ valve regulates the flow of blood between the right ventricle and the vessels leading to the lungs. aortic left atrioventricular pulmonary mitral right atrioventricular
pulmonary
39
The __________ is the pacemaker that initiates each heart beat. atrioventricular (AV) node autonomic nervous system sinuatrial (SA) node sympathetic division of the nervous system cardiac conduction system
sinuatrial (SA) node
40
Which is the correct sequence of events of the cardiac cycle? Ventricular filling → isovolumetric relaxation → isovolumetric contraction → ventricular ejection Ventricular filling → isovolumetric relaxation → ventricular ejection → isovolumetric contraction Ventricular filling → ventricular ejection → isovolumetric contraction → isovolumetric relaxation Ventricular filling → isovolumetric contraction → ventricular ejection → isovolumetric relaxation Ventricular filling → isovolumetric contraction → isovolumetric relaxation → ventricular ejection
Ventricular filling → isovolumetric contraction → ventricular ejection → isovolumetric relaxation
41
Oxygen-poor blood passes through the _________. left AV (mitral) and aortic valves right AV (tricuspid) and pulmonary valves pulmonary and aortic valves left AV (mitral) valve only right AV (tricuspid) valve only
right AV (tricuspid) and pulmonary valves
42
When sodium channels are fully open, the membrane of the ventricular cardiomyocyte _________. has no response sharply hyperpolarizes sharply repolarizes sharply depolarizes plateaus
sharply depolarizes
43
Which of the following directly stems from the ascending aorta before it branches into the circumflex branch and anterior interventricular branch? Great cardiac vein Left coronary vein Left coronary artery Right coronary artery Right coronary vein
Left coronary artery

bio 150 exam 3 (3 decks)

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