blood Flashcards
Which cells aid in the body’s defense processes by secreting histamine and heparin?
Monocytes
Eosinophils
Neutrophils
Basophils
Platelets
basophils
When a clot is no longer needed, fibrin is dissolved by __________.
plasmin
prothrombin
platelet-derived growth factor
thromboplastin
kallikrein
plasmin
Leukopoiesis begins with the differentiation of __________.
pluripotent stem cells
myeloblasts
precursor cells
lymphoblasts
colony-forming units
pluripotent stem cells
A normal hematocrit is __________ of the total blood volume.
25% to 37%
42% to 45%
less than 1%
47% to 63%
37% to 52%
37% to 52%
An individual has type B, Rh-positive blood. The individual has __________ antigen(s) and can produce anti-__________ antibodies.
D; A and B
A; B and D
A and D; B
B; A and D
B and D; A
B and D; A
Most strokes and heart attacks are caused by the abnormal clotting of blood in an unbroken vessel. Moreover, a piece of the __________ (clot) may break loose and begin to travel in the bloodstream as a(n) __________.
thrombus; embolus
embolism; thrombus
plaque; embolus
plaque; thrombus
thrombosis; plaque
thrombus; embolus
Which of these does not prevent the spontaneous formation of a clot?
The dilution of thrombin when blood flows at a normal rate
The presence of tissue thromboplastin
The presence of heparin in plasma
The smooth prostacyclin-coated endothelium of blood vessels
The presence of antithrombin in plasma
The presence of tissue thromboplastin
Which of the following is not true regarding sickle-cell disease?
It is advantageous in that it can protect carriers against malaria.
It is a cause of anemia.
It is due to a hereditary hemoglobin defect.
It is caused by a recessive allele that modifies the structure of hemoglobin.
It is a cause of malaria.
It is a cause of malaria.
Most oxygen is transported in the blood bound to __________.
the plasma membrane of erythrocytes
heme groups in hemoglobin
alpha chains in hemoglobin
delta chains in hemoglobin
beta chains in hemoglobin
heme groups in hemoglobin
What is the function of thromboplastin in hemostasis?
It initiates the extrinsic pathway of coagulation.
It dissolves the clot after the tissue has healed.
It initiates the intrinsic pathway of coagulation.
It converts prothrombin into thrombin.
It acts as a potent vasoconstrictor to reduce blood loss.
It initiates the extrinsic pathway of coagulation.
Serum is essentially identical to plasma except for the absence of __________.
nitrogenous wastes
glucose
albumin
fibrinogen
platelets
fibrinogen
What is the most abundant protein in plasma?
Insulin
Bilirubin
Creatinine
Creatine
Albumin
Albumin
A woman’s first pregnancy is normal but her second pregnancy results in hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). The second child needed a transfusion to completely replace the agglutinating blood. The mother is most likely type __________ and both children are most likely __________.
A, Rh-negative; B, Rh-positive
A, Rh-positive; B, Rh-negative
AB, Rh-positive; O, Rh-positive
AB, Rh-positive; O, Rh-negative
O, Rh-negative; AB, Rh-negative
A, Rh-negative; B, Rh-positive
What is the final product of the breakdown of the organic nonprotein moiety of hemoglobin?
Heme
Globin
Iron
Bilirubin
Biliverdin
Bilirubin
Which of the following is not normally found in plasma?
Albumin
Glycogen
Urea
Glucose
Fibrinogen
Glycogen
Tissues can become edematous (swollen) when which of the following occurs?
Colloid osmotic pressure (COP) is high.
The concentration of sodium and proteins in blood is high.
There is hyperproteinemia.
The hematocrit is high.
There is a dietary protein deficiency.
There is a dietary protein deficiency.
What are the most abundant agranulocytes?
Monocytes
Eosinophils
Lymphocytes
Neutrophils
Macrophages
Lymphocytes
Where are most clotting factors synthesized in the body?
Red bone marrow
Spleen
Perivascular tissue
Kidneys
Liver
liver
The main reason why an individual with type AB, Rh-negative blood cannot donate blood to an individual with type A, Rh-positive blood is because __________.
anti-B antibodies in the donor will agglutinate RBCs of the recipient
anti-D antibodies in the donor will agglutinate RBC of the recipient
anti-B antibodies in the recipient will agglutinate RBCs of the donor
anti-A antibodies in the donor will agglutinate RBCs of the recipient
anti-A antibodies in the recipient will agglutinate RBCs of the donor
anti-B antibodies in the recipient will agglutinate RBCs of the donor
A person with type A blood can safely donate RBCs to someone of type __________ and can receive RBCs from someone of type __________.
A; B
O; AB
AB; O
O; O
B; A
AB; O
Why are pregnant Rh- women given an injection of Rh immune globulin?
Antibodies in the injection bind fetal RBC antigens so they cannot stimulate her immune system to produce anti-O antibodies.
Antibodies in the injection bind fetal RBC antigens so they cannot stimulate her immune system to produce anti-A and anti-B antibodies.
Antibodies in the injection bind fetal RBC antigens so they cannot stimulate her immune system to produce anti-D antibodies.
Antibodies in the injection bind fetal RBC antigens so they cannot stimulate her immune system to produce anti-A antibodies.
Antibodies in the injection bind fetal RBC antigens so they cannot stimulate her immune system to produce anti-B antibodies.
Antibodies in the injection bind fetal RBC antigens so they cannot stimulate her immune system to produce anti-D antibodies
The number of __________ typically increases in response to bacterial infections.
erythrocytes
basophils
monocytes
neutrophils
eosinophils
neutrophils
Where does myeloid hemopoiesis take place in adults?
Red bone marrow
Thymus
Yellow bone marrow
Liver
Spleen
Red bone marrow
The viscosity of blood is due more to the presence of __________ than to any other factor.
nitrogenous wastes
fibrin
sodium
albumin
erythrocytes
erythrocytes
