blood vessels Flashcards
What does the medullary ischemic reflex result in?
Reduced circulation to the brain
Hormone secretion by the adrenal medulla when perfusion drops
Increased circulation to the brain
Increased circulation to the adrenal medulla
Ischemia of the medulla oblongata
Increased circulation to the brain
Where is the vasomotor center located?
Spinal cord
Cerebral cortex
Cerebellum
Medulla oblongata
Hypothalamus
Medulla oblongata
What type of shock occurs when bacterial toxins trigger vasodilation and increase capillary permeability?
Anaphylactic
Compensated
Cardiogenic
Neurogenic
Septic
Septic
Which vessels have the thickest tunica media?
Small veins
Capillaries
Large veins
Large arteries
Small arteries
large arteries
The lungs receive a systemic blood supply by way of which vessel(s)?
Pulmonary veins
Right pulmonary artery
Left pulmonary artery
Bronchial arteries
Lobar arteries
Bronchial arteries
The outermost wall of an artery or vein is called the __________ and in large arteries and veins contains the __________.
tunica intima; endothelium
tunica externa; vasa vasorum
tunica intima; basement membrane
tunica media; smooth muscle
tunica externa; valves
tunica externa; vasa vasorum
Blood flow to the __________ remains quite stable even when mean arterial pressure (MAP) fluctuates from 60 to 140 mm Hg.
skeletal muscles
hypothalamus
stomach
adrenal gland
kidneys
hypothalamus
What is the longest vein commonly used in grafts in coronary bypass surgery?
Great saphenous vein
Femoral vein
Deep femoral vein
Common iliac vein
Inferior vena cava
Great saphenous vein
Which of the following are not tributaries of the inferior vena cava?
The lumbar veins
The internal and external iliac veins
The inferior phrenic veins
The hepatic veins
The vertebral veins
The vertebral veins
Hypertension is commonly considered to be a chronic resting blood pressure higher than __________.
130/60
180/90
200/90
120/75
140/90
140/90
Alternative routes of blood supply are called __________.
anastomoses
thoroughfare channels
capillary beds
preferred channels
metarterioles
anastomoses
What is the most important force driving filtration at the arterial end of a capillary?
Tissue fluid colloid osmotic pressure
Blood colloid osmotic pressure
Oncotic pressure
Blood hydrostatic pressure
Interstitial hydrostatic pressure
Blood hydrostatic pressure
A nurse takes your blood pressure and tells you the numbers are 110/70. What are your blood pressures?
Diastolic = 110 mmHg, Systolic = 40 mmHg, Pulse Pressure = 70 mmHg, MAP = 90 mmMg Diastolic = 110 mmHg, Systolic = 70 mmHg, Pulse Pressure = 40 mmHg, MAP = 90 mmMg Diastolic = 110 mmHg, Systolic = 70 mmHg, Pulse Pressure = 40 mmHg, MAP = 107 mmMg Systolic = 110 mmHg, Diastolic = 70 mmHg, Pulse Pressure = 40 mmHg, MAP = 90 mmMg
Systolic = 110 mmHg, Diastolic = 70 mmHg, Pulse Pressure = 40 mmHg, MAP = 83 mmMg
Systolic = 110 mmHg, Diastolic = 70 mmHg, Pulse Pressure = 40 mmHg, MAP = 83 mmMg
What are the afferent vessels that carry blood back to the heart?
Veins
Capillaries
Arterioles
Arteries
Sinusoids
veins
Arteries are sometimes called the __________ vessels of the cardiovascular system because they have strong-resilient tissue structure.
resistance
fenestrated
compliance
hydrodynamic
capacitance
resistance
A mean arterial pressure below 60 mmHg can cause which of the following?
Cerebral edema
Neurogenic shock
Syncope
Cardiogenic shock
Compensated shock
Syncope
Which of the following would decrease capillary filtration?
Dietary protein deficiency
Increased permeability of lymphatic capillaries
Dehydration
Increased capillary permeability
Obstructed venous return
Increased capillary permeability
How is venous return to your heart affected when you go for an easy jog?
It is unaffected.
It is increased due to increased skeletal muscular pump activity.
It is decreased due to decreased skeletal muscular pump activity.
It is increased due to decreased skeletal muscular pump activity.
It is decreased due to increased skeletal muscular pump activity.
It is increased due to increased skeletal muscular pump activity.
During exercise, arterioles to the skeletal muscles __________.
dilate in response to increased muscle metabolites
constrict in response to increases in both O2 and CO2
constrict in response to increased muscle metabolites
constrict in response to increased O2 and decreased CO2
dilate in response to increased O2 and decreased CO2
dilate in response to increased muscle metabolites
In people who stand for long periods, blood tends to pool in the lower limbs and this may result in varicose veins. What causes the varicose veins?
An aneurysm or weak point in an artery
An aneurysm or weak point in a vein
Failure of the venous valves
Failure of the lymphatic valves
A ruptured aneurysm in a vein
Failure of the venous valves
Which of the following decreases blood pressure?
Norepinephrine
Natriuretic peptides
Angiotensin II
Antidiuretic hormone
Aldosterone
Antidiuretic hormone
While out hiking, a friend of yours falls and suffers a trauma. You notice they start to go into shock. What do you do to help?
Encourage them to sit up.
Lie them down and elevate their head.
Have them lie on their side and curl up into a fetal position.
Lie them down and elevate their legs.
Hold them upright in a standing position.
Lie them down and elevate their legs.
Which of the following is absent in humans?
Right and left subclavian arteries
Right and left brachiocephalic veins
Right and left common carotid arteries
Right and left brachiocephalic arteries
Right and left subclavian veins
Right and left brachiocephalic arteries
Which of the following constitutes the principal venous drainage of the thoracic organs?
The branches of the celiac trunk
The azygos system
The coronary and pulmonary veins
The mesenteric circulation
The hepatic portal system
The azygos system
