Heart

Question 1

Muscle responsible for moving fluid through the circulatory system

Answer 1

Heart

Question 2

The right side of the heart receives and sends what type of blood

Answer 2

Deoxygenated

Question 3

The left side of the heart receives and sends what type of blood

Answer 3

Oxygenated

Question 4

Septum between pleural cavities (NOT A TRUE CAVITY, LACKS FLUID-SECRETING MEMBRANES)

Tissues united by loose connective tissue and infiltrated fat (allows for accommodation changes in movement, volume, and pressure)

Answer 4

Mediastinum

Question 5

What covers each side of the mediastinum

Answer 5

Mediastinal pleura

Question 6

Double-walled fibroserous sac enclosing the heart

Answer 6

Pericardium

Question 7

Role of the tough outer fibrous pericardium

Answer 7

Stabilizes and prevents over-dilation

Question 8

_____ pericardium lies within and directly covers heart

Answer 8

Serous

Question 9

What is the name of the potential space filled with lubricant allowing heart to beat in very low friction environment

Answer 9

Pericardial cavity

Question 10

Three layers of the heart

Answer 10

Endocardium, Myocardium, Epicardium

Question 11

Thin, internal epithelial layer for protection of chambers and valves.

Answer 11

Endocardium

Question 12

Thick middle layer (separated by connective tissues and including blood capillaries, lymph capillaries, and nerve fibers) provides contractions that eject blood from the heart chambers.

WALLS OF HEART CONSIST MOSTLY OF THIS LAYER

Answer 12

Myocardium

Question 13

Thin external epithelial layer for lubrication (part of serous pericardium, including blood capillaries, lymph capillaries, and nerve fibers).

Answer 13

Epicardium

Question 14

Each layer is _______ - derived

Answer 14

mesodermally

Question 15

Smooth thin-walled interior

Pectinate muscles for contraction and movement of blood to ventricles

Answer 15

Atria

Question 16

What is the name of the interatrial septum between atria

Answer 16

Foramen ovale

Question 17

Produce vigorous contraction

Answer 17

Muscular elevations called trabeculae carnae (from the ventricles)

Question 18

Tendinous cords extend from papillary muscles and attach to _____ via _______

Answer 18

valves, chordae tendinae

Question 19

What does contraction of ventricles do

Answer 19

Closes AV valves

Question 20

What prevents the eversion of the AV valves

Answer 20

Chordae tendinae

Question 21

Serves to prevent backflow of blood

Held in place via fibroconnective tissue

Answer 21

Valves

Question 22

Right atrioventricular valve between right atrium and right ventricle

Answer 22

Tricuspid

Question 23

Left atrioventricular valve between left atrium and left ventricle

Answer 23

Bicuspid

Question 24

Where are the semilunar valves in the pulmonary system

Answer 24

Between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

Question 25

Where are the semilunar valves in the aortic system

Answer 25

Between left ventricle and ascending aorta

Question 26

First branches off aorta Fills from backflow into aortic valve Supplies epicardium and myocardium

Answer 26

Coronary arteries

Question 27

Right and left coronary arteries supply:

Answer 27

both sides of heart

Question 28

Veins drain into _____ which dumps into _______

Answer 28

cardiac sinus, right atrium

Question 29

What arteries or veins can be used in bypass surgery

Answer 29

Internal thoracic artery or great saphenous vein

Question 30

Artificial device placed inside the vessel to keep it open

Answer 30

stent

Question 31

Period of relaxation of the ventricles

Answer 31

Diastole

Question 32

Period of contraction of the ventricles

Answer 32

Systole

Question 33

Right atrium fills with blood from the

Answer 33

venae cavae

Question 34

Left atrium fills with blood from the

Answer 34

pulmonary veins

Question 35

How does the cardiac cycle work

Answer 35

Right atrium fills with blood from venae cavae. Left atrium fills from pulmonary veins. Tricuspid and bicuspid valves open, allowing blood to flow into right and left ventricles. Atria stimulated to contract by AV node, pushing blood into ventricles.

Question 36

What does the "lub" sound indicate

Answer 36

First sound, the closing of the bicuspid and tricuspid valves (mitral valves)

Question 37

What does the "dub" sound indicate

Answer 37

Second sound, closing of the pulmonary and aortic valves, other valves open

Question 38

Which node regulates rythmn, is a natural pacemaker, and responds to sympathetic and parasympathetic signaling.

Answer 38

Sinoatrial (SA) node

Question 39

Which node distributes signal to atria via myocardial wall and ventricles via Purkinje fibres

Answer 39

Atrioventricular (AV) node

Question 39

This structure supports the valve opening and insulates the conduction of the atria from the ventricles

Answer 39

Cardiac Skeleton

Question 40

Ventricles simulated to contract by

Answer 40

AV node and Purkinje fibers

Question 41

Relaxation of the muscles causes:

Answer 41

backflow of the blood

Question 41

Blood is forced into the pulmonary trunk from the:

Answer 41

right ventricle

Question 41

Blood is forced into the aorta from the:

Answer 41

left ventricle

Question 42

P wave

Answer 42

Atrial contraction

Question 43

QRS complex

Answer 43

Ventricular contraction

Question 44

T-wave

Answer 44

Ventricular repolarization

Question 45

Monitors and regulates cardiac cycle Leads in atrium and ventricle emit low voltage electric pulses to stimulate muscle contraction

Answer 45

Artificial pacemaker

Question 46

What type of electrical signals does an artificial pacemaker simulate

Answer 46

Signals from AV node

Question 47

In the fetus, vascular pressure is ______ in the right atrium than in the left.

Answer 47

Higher

Question 48

(step 1 of fetal circulation) Oxygenated and nutrient rich blood enters the fetus through the ______. Roughly ____ of this blood goes through the liver and then enters the _____ ___ ___ through the ____________. The rest is shunted directly to the inferior vena cava through the _______

Answer 48

Umbilical veins, half, inferior vena cava, hepatic veins, ductus venosus!

Question 49

The left ventricle, which includes the apex of the heart is the ______ walled chamber of the heart

Answer 49

thickest

Question 50

What does the ductus arteriosus (from the fetal structure) become in an adult

Answer 50

Ligamentum arteriosum

Question 51

What does the oval foramen (from the fetal structure) become in an adult

Answer 51

Oval fossa

Question 52

What does the ductus venosus (from the fetal structure) become in an adult

Answer 52

Ligamentum venosum

Question 53

Umbilical vein

Answer 53

Round ligament of the liver or ligamentum teres

Question 54

What does the umbilical artery become in an adult

Answer 54

Medial umbilical ligament

Question 55

The pulmonary semilunar valve is located between which structures?

Answer 55

Pulmonary trunk and right ventricle

Question 56

What structure within the atrial wall closes following birth?

Answer 56

Foramen ovale

Question 57

Which structure is found in the right atrium

Answer 57

Oval fossa