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BMEN 309 Midterm II > Heart > Flashcards

Heart Flashcards

1
Q

Muscle responsible for moving fluid through the circulatory system

A

Heart

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2
Q

The right side of the heart receives and sends what type of blood

A

Deoxygenated

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3
Q

The left side of the heart receives and sends what type of blood

A

Oxygenated

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4
Q

Septum between pleural cavities (NOT A TRUE CAVITY, LACKS FLUID-SECRETING MEMBRANES)

Tissues united by loose connective tissue and infiltrated fat (allows for accommodation changes in movement, volume, and pressure)

A

Mediastinum

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5
Q

What covers each side of the mediastinum

A

Mediastinal pleura

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6
Q

Double-walled fibroserous sac enclosing the heart

A

Pericardium

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7
Q

Role of the tough outer fibrous pericardium

A

Stabilizes and prevents over-dilation

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8
Q

_____ pericardium lies within and directly covers heart

A

Serous

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9
Q

What is the name of the potential space filled with lubricant allowing heart to beat in very low friction environment

A

Pericardial cavity

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10
Q

Three layers of the heart

A

Endocardium, Myocardium, Epicardium

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11
Q

Thin, internal epithelial layer for protection of chambers and valves.

A

Endocardium

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12
Q

Thick middle layer (separated by connective tissues and including blood capillaries, lymph capillaries, and nerve fibers) provides contractions that eject blood from the heart chambers.

WALLS OF HEART CONSIST MOSTLY OF THIS LAYER

A

Myocardium

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13
Q

Thin external epithelial layer for lubrication (part of serous pericardium, including blood capillaries, lymph capillaries, and nerve fibers).

A

Epicardium

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14
Q

Each layer is _______ - derived

A

mesodermally

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15
Q

Smooth thin-walled interior

Pectinate muscles for contraction and movement of blood to ventricles

A

Atria

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16
Q

What is the name of the interatrial septum between atria

A

Foramen ovale

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17
Q

Produce vigorous contraction

A

Muscular elevations called trabeculae carnae (from the ventricles)

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18
Q

Tendinous cords extend from papillary muscles and attach to _____ via _______

A

valves, chordae tendinae

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19
Q

What does contraction of ventricles do

A

Closes AV valves

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20
Q

What prevents the eversion of the AV valves

A

Chordae tendinae

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21
Q

Serves to prevent backflow of blood

Held in place via fibroconnective tissue

A

Valves

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22
Q

Right atrioventricular valve between right atrium and right ventricle

A

Tricuspid

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23
Q

Left atrioventricular valve between left atrium and left ventricle

A

Bicuspid

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24
Q

Where are the semilunar valves in the pulmonary system

A

Between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

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25
Q

Where are the semilunar valves in the aortic system

A

Between left ventricle and ascending aorta

26
Q

First branches off aorta

Fills from backflow into aortic valve
Supplies epicardium and myocardium

A

Coronary arteries

27
Q

Right and left coronary arteries supply:

A

both sides of heart

28
Q

Veins drain into _____ which dumps into _______

A

cardiac sinus, right atrium

29
Q

What arteries or veins
can be used in bypass surgery

A

Internal thoracic artery or great saphenous vein

30
Q

Artificial device placed inside the vessel to keep it open

A

stent

31
Q

Period of relaxation of the ventricles

A

Diastole

32
Q

Period of contraction of the ventricles

A

Systole

33
Q

Right atrium fills with blood from the

A

venae cavae

34
Q

Left atrium fills with blood from the

A

pulmonary veins

35
Q

How does the cardiac cycle work

A

Right atrium fills with blood from venae cavae. Left atrium fills from pulmonary veins. Tricuspid and bicuspid valves open, allowing blood to flow into right and left ventricles. Atria stimulated to contract by AV node, pushing blood into ventricles.

36
Q

What does the “lub” sound indicate

A

First sound, the closing of the bicuspid and tricuspid valves (mitral valves)

37
Q

What does the “dub” sound indicate

A

Second sound, closing of the pulmonary and aortic valves, other valves open

38
Q

Which node regulates rythmn, is a natural pacemaker, and responds to sympathetic and parasympathetic signaling.

A

Sinoatrial (SA) node

39
Q

Which node distributes signal to atria via myocardial wall and ventricles via Purkinje fibres

A

Atrioventricular (AV) node

39
Q

This structure supports the valve opening and insulates the conduction of the atria from the ventricles

A

Cardiac Skeleton

40
Q

Ventricles simulated to contract by

A

AV node and Purkinje fibers

41
Q

Relaxation of the muscles causes:

A

backflow of the blood

41
Q

Blood is forced into the pulmonary trunk from the:

A

right ventricle

41
Q

Blood is forced into the aorta from the:

A

left ventricle

42
Q

P wave

A

Atrial contraction

43
Q

QRS complex

A

Ventricular contraction

44
Q

T-wave

A

Ventricular repolarization

45
Q

Monitors and regulates cardiac cycle

Leads in atrium and ventricle emit low voltage electric pulses to stimulate muscle contraction

A

Artificial pacemaker

46
Q

What type of electrical signals does an artificial pacemaker simulate

A

Signals from AV node

47
Q

In the fetus, vascular pressure is ______ in the right atrium than in the left.

A

Higher

48
Q

(step 1 of fetal circulation) Oxygenated and nutrient rich blood enters the fetus through the ______. Roughly ____ of this blood goes through the liver and then enters the _____ ___ ___ through the ____________. The rest is shunted directly to the inferior vena cava through the _______

A

Umbilical veins, half, inferior vena cava, hepatic veins, ductus venosus!

49
Q

The left ventricle, which includes the apex of the heart is the ______ walled chamber of the heart

A

thickest

50
Q

What does the ductus arteriosus (from the fetal structure) become in an adult

A

Ligamentum arteriosum

51
Q

What does the oval foramen (from the fetal structure) become in an adult

A

Oval fossa

52
Q

What does the ductus venosus (from the fetal structure) become in an adult

A

Ligamentum venosum

53
Q

Umbilical vein

A

Round ligament of the liver or ligamentum teres

54
Q

What does the umbilical artery become in an adult

A

Medial umbilical ligament

55
Q

The pulmonary semilunar valve is located between which structures?

A

Pulmonary trunk and right ventricle

56
Q

What structure within the atrial wall closes following birth?

A

Foramen ovale

57
Q

Which structure is found in the right atrium

A

Oval fossa

BMEN 309 Midterm II (5 decks)

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