Cardiovascular

Question 1

Thick walled vessels, capable of withstanding high pressures. Carry blood away from the heart

Answer 1

Arteries

Question 2

Carry blood to the heart

Answer 2

Veins

Question 3

Arterial blood is oxygenated in ____ circuit, and deoxygenated in ______ circuit

Answer 3

circulatory, pulmonary

Question 4

Blood flows from _____ to _____ pressure systems

Answer 4

high to low

Question 5

Blood flow is regulated by what type of muscle

Answer 5

smooth muscle

Question 6

Permit exchange between arterial and venous systems

Answer 6

Capillaries

Question 7

Healthy blood pressure

Answer 7

120/80 mmHg

Question 8

Heart is ejecting blood

Answer 8

Systolic pressure

Question 9

Heart is filling

Answer 9

Diastolic Pressure

Question 10

Blood pressures are very ____ in the venous system

Answer 10

small

Question 11

Venous system has the greatest capacity for holding blood because it

Answer 11

moves slowly

Question 12

Filtration of tissues results from movement of fluid driven by two competing pressures

Answer 12

Hydrostatic and Oncotic pressure

Question 13

Pressure exerted by blood on vessel walls. Within arteries and veins.

Answer 13

Hydrostatic pressure

Question 14

Pressure driven by protein concentration. Outside capillary

Answer 14

Oncotic pressure

Question 15

Smooth muscle around capillary networks. Regulate blood flow in relation to CO2

Answer 15

Precapillary sphincters

Question 16

What do precapillary sphincters do when there is high CO2

Answer 16

open to allow blood flow

Question 17

What do precapillary sphincters do when there is low CO2

Answer 17

close to divert blood flow

Question 18

How much is the total capillary volume

Answer 18

20 L

Question 19

How many litres of blood do humans have?

Answer 19

4-5 L

Question 20

Thinner vessels lined by a single layer of smooth muscle

Answer 20

Arterioles/Metarterioles

Question 21

Very thin vessel walls with no smooth muscle

Answer 21

Capillaries

Question 22

Arteries are innervated by the

Answer 22

Sympathetic nervous system

Question 23

Contraction of smooth muscle causing causing a reduction in arterial diameter

Answer 23

Vasoconstruction

Question 24

Which artery vascularizes the brain and sense organs within the head

Answer 24

Internal carotid artery

Question 25

Joining of vessels

Answer 25

Anastomosis

Question 26

Which arteries branch from the internal carotid

Answer 26

Anterior and middle cerebral arteries

Question 27

Provides redundancy of cerebral circulatory, protecting against ischemia

Answer 27

Circle of Willis

Question 28

stroke due to thrombus

Answer 28

ischemia

Question 29

Which artery has the highest occurrence of isochemic stroke

Answer 29

Middle cerebral artery

Question 30

Which artery vascularizes most of the bony tissue and muscles of the head

Answer 30

External carotid artery

Question 31

At the separation of the external with the internal carotid artery is the

Answer 31

Carotid sinus and carotic body

Question 32

Expansion at the base of the internal carotid artery. Contains baroreceptors that monitor changes in arterial pressure.

Answer 32

Carotid sinus

Question 33

Within carotid sinus. Contains chemoreceptors that monitor changes in O2 and CO2

Answer 33

Carotid body

Question 34

The venous system has much _____ hydrostatic pressure and _____ vessel diameter than the arterial system

Answer 34

lower, greater

Question 35

Prevent backflow of blood

Answer 35

Valves

Question 36

Venous system has much ______ variation than the arterial system

Answer 36

higher

Question 37

Confluence of veins connected by capillary beds. Allow for processing of nutrients and the detoxification of blood

Answer 37

Portal systems

Question 38

Diverts blood from gastrointestinal organs to the liver

Answer 38

Hepatic portal systems

Question 39

How much blood to the liver is from the hepatic portal system

Answer 39

75%

Question 40

High blood pressure of the portal vein. Blood flows back to the venae cavae when this pressure is too high.

Answer 40

Portal Hypertension

Question 41

Collects surplus tissue fluid and drains tissue fluid. Includes spleen, bone marrow, thymus, nodes, and vessels. Absorption and transport of fatty acids Defence mechanism for body to transport antibodies and lymphocytes to fight pathogens.

Answer 41

Lymphatic system

Question 42

T-cells (thymus), B-cells (bone marrow), and NK cells (natural killer cells)

Answer 42

Lymphocytes

Question 43

Lymph nodes, thymus, spleen

Answer 43

Lymphoid organs

Question 44

Defense mechanism that does not distinguish between pathogens Fever, skin, phagocytes, inflammation

Answer 44

Non-specific defense mechanism

Question 45

Defense mechanism that depends on activities of lymphocytes

Answer 45

Specific defense mechanism

Question 46

Posterior to sternum Important role in growth and development of the immune system Continues to grow until puberty Gradually replaced by fat after puberty Continues to produce T-lymphocytes in adulthood

Answer 46

Thymus

Question 47

Largest of lymphatic organs Located in upper left quadrant Protected by ribs 9-11 Large splenic artery due to large blood volume

Answer 47

Spleen

Question 48

Blood is monitored by ___ for any pathogens

Answer 48

T-cells

Question 49

______ swallow and digest debris in the blood

Answer 49

Macrophages

Question 50

What artery is most at jeopardy for a blow to the side of the head at the location of the pterion

Answer 50

Middle meningeal

Question 51

What part of the circulatory system has the greatest combined cross-sectional area?

Answer 51

Capillaries