GI System

Question 1

Types of intestinal movements

Answer 1

Peristalis, segmentation, reflexes

Question 2

Coordinated contraction of both circular and longitudinal muscle layers - esophagus

Answer 2

Peristalis

Question 3

Small and large intestines - double mixing

Answer 3

Segmentation

Question 4

Gastroenteric and Gastroileal

Answer 4

Reflexes

Question 5

Initiated by stretch receptors in stomach

Answer 5

Gastroenteric reflexes

Question 6

Triggers relaxation of ileocecal valve

Answer 6

Gastroileal reflexes

Question 7

Organs in abdominal cavity (9)

Answer 7

Liver, duodenum, ascending colon, small intestine, stomach, spleen, transpyloric plane, transverse colon, descending colon

Question 8

Between diaphragm and pelvic inlet and extends to thoracic cage.

Location of most organs of digestive tract.

Forms superior and major part of abdominopelvic or peritoneal cavity

Answer 8

Abdominal Cavity

Question 9

Gastrointestinal regions

Answer 9

Foregut, midgut, and hindgut

Question 10

Includes distal portion of esophagus, stomach, proximal half of duodenum, liver, gallbladder, superior portion of pancreas.

Answer 10

Foregut

Question 11

Includes distal half of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, proximal portion of transverse colon.

Answer 11

Midgut

Question 12

Includes distal portion of transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoidal colon, rectum, and anal canal.

Answer 12

Hindgut

Question 13

Ectoderm and mesoderm fold to surround

Answer 13

Endoderm

Question 14

What is the nutrient supply to early embryo

Answer 14

Yolk sac

Question 15

Which gastrointestinal region connects with the yolk sac

Answer 15

Midgut

Question 16

What forms the primitive gut tube

Answer 16

Endoderm

Question 17

Serous membrane surrounding the abdominopelvic cavity

Fluid-secreting lubricant

Facilitates movement of the viscera during digestion and respiration

Visceral and parietal layers

Answer 17

Peritoneal cavity

Question 18

Intraperitoneal organs completely enclosed by visceral layer of peritoneum

Answer 18

Stomach, jejunum, ileum, spleen, liver, gallbladder, cecum, appendix, transverse colon, sigmoidal colon

Question 19

Suspend the intraperitoneal organs, anchoring them to the body wall

Answer 19

Mesenteries

Question 20

Derived from the mesenteries

Answer 20

Omenta (lesser and greater)

Question 21

Abdominal aorta starts from ________. Passes through ______ ______ of diaphragm. Bifurcates into right and left _________ arteries to pelvis and lower extremities.

Answer 21

thoracic descending aorta, aortic hiatus, common iliac,

Question 22

What are the three main unpaired arteries of the GI system

Answer 22

Superior mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric artery, and celiac trunk.

Question 23

What veins are involved in the venous return/portal system of the GI tract

Answer 23

Inferior mesenteric vein, splenic vein, superior mesenteric vein, and vein portal.

Question 24

Muscular tube continuous with laryngopharynx.

Answer 24

Esophagus

Question 25

The esophagus is separated from the larynx by the

Answer 25

Epiglottis

Question 26

In the esophagus, when bolus descends, the lumen

Answer 26

expands to elicit reflex peristalis

Question 27

_____ motor and _____ innervation to upper halfof esophagus

Answer 27

somatic, sensory

Question 28

The esophagus is separated from the stomach by the

Answer 28

esophageal sphincter

Question 29

Expandable portion of the digestive tract Acts as a food blender and reservoir Enzymatic digestion VERY LITTLE ABSORPTION OF NUTRIENTS

Answer 29

Stomach

Question 30

The stomach contains perpendicular layers of what type of muscle

Answer 30

smooth muscle

Question 31

Gastric juice in the stomach converts food mass into liquid (chyme) to pass into the

Answer 31

small intestine

Question 32

What is the name of the convex inferior border of the stomach (on the right on a diagram)

Answer 32

Greater curvature

Question 33

What is the name of the concave superior border of the stomach (on the left side on a diagram)

Answer 33

Lesser curvature

Question 34

What is the name of the superior portion of the stomach related to the left dome of the diaphragm (it is on the top of the stomach on a diagram)

Answer 34

Fundus

Question 35

What part of the stomach is between the fundus and the pyloric part

Answer 35

Body

Question 36

Funnel-shaped part of the stomach

Answer 36

Pyloric part

Question 37

The pyloris _____ to form _____

Answer 37

thickens, pyloric sphincter

Question 38

What is the part of the stomach (on the inside) that is a smooth inner surface and when contracted it forms gatric folds called rugae

Answer 38

Gastric mucosa

Question 39

What part of the stomach is involved in the digestion of proteins

Answer 39

Pepsin

Question 40

What type of acid does the stomach produce

Answer 40

HCl

Question 41

Parts of the small intestine

Answer 41

Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum.

Question 42

First and shortest part of the small intestine Widest and most fixed C-shaped around head of pancreas RECEIVES BILE AND PANCREATIC FLUID

Answer 42

Duodenum

Question 43

Middle portion of small intestine (2/5 length) Most lies in upper left quadrant MAIN LOCATION OF NUTRIENTS, FAT, AND H2O ABSORPTION

Answer 43

Jejunum

Question 44

Mainly H2O and fat absorption and passage of remnants/ingesta into large intestine Remaining 3/5 of interperitoneal small intestine Most lies in lower right quadrant

Answer 44

Ileum

Question 45

Together with the jejunum, the ileum is how long

Answer 45

6-7 meters long

Question 46

Which organ consists of the cecum, appendix, colon, rectum, and anus

Answer 46

Large intestine

Question 47

The large intestine is different from the small intestine because it contains how many bands of smooth muscle, and it is much _____ in diameter but ______ in length

Answer 47

three thickened bands, larger, shorter

Question 48

What are the small fatty projections in the large intestine called

Answer 48

Epiploic appendices

Question 49

Reabsorption in the large intestine includes

Answer 49

Water, Vitamin K, Biotin, Vitamin B5, Electrolytes, and Bile salts

Question 50

The large intestine _______ water and compacts material into ______

Answer 50

reabsorbs, feces

Question 51

The large intestine absorbs vitamins produced by

Answer 51

bacteria

Question 52

Mass movements of material (stool) occur through

Answer 52

colon and rectum

Question 53

Defecation reflex is triggered by

Answer 53

distention of rectal walls

Question 54

Ileum terminates into this part Large pouch for collection of food No mesentary, can be displaced from its resting position

Answer 54

cecum, via ileocecal orifice and valve

Question 55

Disputed function, some lymphatic function, protected area for the growth of intestinal bacteria

Answer 55

Appendix

Question 56

After the cecum follows the

Answer 56

Ascending colon, right colic flexure, transverse colon, left colic flexure (splenic), descending colon, sigmond colon, rectum, and anus.

Question 57

Movement of ingesta for excretion H2O absorption Lined with bacteria to release any remaining nutrients Breaks down indigestible food

Answer 57

Colon

Question 58

Ingesta moved through the _____ intestine, dehydrated, mixed with ____ and _____, and formed into _____

Answer 58

Large, bacteria and mucus, feces

Question 59

Enzymatic digestion primarily occurs in the ______; Absorption primarily occurs in the ________

Answer 59

Duodenum, Jejunum

Question 60

The absorptive foregut is supplied by which artery?

Answer 60

Celiac