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BMEN 309 Midterm II > GI System > Flashcards

GI System Flashcards

1
Q

Types of intestinal movements

A

Peristalis, segmentation, reflexes

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2
Q

Coordinated contraction of both circular and longitudinal muscle layers - esophagus

A

Peristalis

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3
Q

Small and large intestines - double mixing

A

Segmentation

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4
Q

Gastroenteric and Gastroileal

A

Reflexes

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5
Q

Initiated by stretch receptors in stomach

A

Gastroenteric reflexes

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6
Q

Triggers relaxation of ileocecal valve

A

Gastroileal reflexes

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7
Q

Organs in abdominal cavity (9)

A

Liver, duodenum, ascending colon, small intestine, stomach, spleen, transpyloric plane, transverse colon, descending colon

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8
Q

Between diaphragm and pelvic inlet and extends to thoracic cage.

Location of most organs of digestive tract.

Forms superior and major part of abdominopelvic or peritoneal cavity

A

Abdominal Cavity

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9
Q

Gastrointestinal regions

A

Foregut, midgut, and hindgut

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10
Q

Includes distal portion of esophagus, stomach, proximal half of duodenum, liver, gallbladder, superior portion of pancreas.

A

Foregut

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11
Q

Includes distal half of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, proximal portion of transverse colon.

A

Midgut

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12
Q

Includes distal portion of transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoidal colon, rectum, and anal canal.

A

Hindgut

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13
Q

Ectoderm and mesoderm fold to surround

A

Endoderm

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14
Q

What is the nutrient supply to early embryo

A

Yolk sac

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15
Q

Which gastrointestinal region connects with the yolk sac

A

Midgut

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16
Q

What forms the primitive gut tube

A

Endoderm

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17
Q

Serous membrane surrounding the abdominopelvic cavity

Fluid-secreting lubricant

Facilitates movement of the viscera during digestion and respiration

Visceral and parietal layers

A

Peritoneal cavity

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18
Q

Intraperitoneal organs completely enclosed by visceral layer of peritoneum

A

Stomach, jejunum, ileum, spleen, liver, gallbladder, cecum, appendix, transverse colon, sigmoidal colon

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19
Q

Suspend the intraperitoneal organs, anchoring them to the body wall

A

Mesenteries

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20
Q

Derived from the mesenteries

A

Omenta (lesser and greater)

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21
Q

Abdominal aorta starts from ________. Passes through ______ ______ of diaphragm. Bifurcates into right and left _________ arteries to pelvis and lower extremities.

A

thoracic descending aorta, aortic hiatus, common iliac,

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22
Q

What are the three main unpaired arteries of the GI system

A

Superior mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric artery, and celiac trunk.

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23
Q

What veins are involved in the venous return/portal system of the GI tract

A

Inferior mesenteric vein, splenic vein, superior mesenteric vein, and vein portal.

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24
Q

Muscular tube continuous with laryngopharynx.

A

Esophagus

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25
Q

The esophagus is separated from the larynx by the

A

Epiglottis

26
Q

In the esophagus, when bolus descends, the lumen

A

expands to elicit reflex peristalis

27
Q

_____ motor and _____ innervation to upper halfof esophagus

A

somatic, sensory

28
Q

The esophagus is separated from the stomach by the

A

esophageal sphincter

29
Q

Expandable portion of the digestive tract

Acts as a food blender and reservoir

Enzymatic digestion

VERY LITTLE ABSORPTION OF NUTRIENTS

A

Stomach

30
Q

The stomach contains perpendicular layers of what type of muscle

A

smooth muscle

31
Q

Gastric juice in the stomach converts food mass into liquid (chyme) to pass into the

A

small intestine

32
Q

What is the name of the convex inferior border of the stomach (on the right on a diagram)

A

Greater curvature

33
Q

What is the name of the concave superior border of the stomach (on the left side on a diagram)

A

Lesser curvature

34
Q

What is the name of the superior portion of the stomach related to the left dome of the diaphragm (it is on the top of the stomach on a diagram)

A

Fundus

35
Q

What part of the stomach is between the fundus and the pyloric part

A

Body

36
Q

Funnel-shaped part of the stomach

A

Pyloric part

37
Q

The pyloris _____ to form _____

A

thickens, pyloric sphincter

38
Q

What is the part of the stomach (on the inside) that is a smooth inner surface and when contracted it forms gatric folds called rugae

A

Gastric mucosa

39
Q

What part of the stomach is involved in the digestion of proteins

A

Pepsin

40
Q

What type of acid does the stomach produce

A

HCl

41
Q

Parts of the small intestine

A

Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum.

42
Q

First and shortest part of the small intestine

Widest and most fixed

C-shaped around head of pancreas

RECEIVES BILE AND PANCREATIC FLUID

A

Duodenum

43
Q

Middle portion of small intestine (2/5 length)

Most lies in upper left quadrant

MAIN LOCATION OF NUTRIENTS, FAT, AND H2O ABSORPTION

A

Jejunum

44
Q

Mainly H2O and fat absorption and passage of remnants/ingesta into large intestine

Remaining 3/5 of interperitoneal small intestine

Most lies in lower right quadrant

A

Ileum

45
Q

Together with the jejunum, the ileum is how long

A

6-7 meters long

46
Q

Which organ consists of the cecum, appendix, colon, rectum, and anus

A

Large intestine

47
Q

The large intestine is different from the small intestine because it contains how many bands of smooth muscle, and it is much _____ in diameter but ______ in length

A

three thickened bands, larger, shorter

48
Q

What are the small fatty projections in the large intestine called

A

Epiploic appendices

49
Q

Reabsorption in the large intestine includes

A

Water, Vitamin K, Biotin, Vitamin B5, Electrolytes, and Bile salts

50
Q

The large intestine _______ water and compacts material into ______

A

reabsorbs, feces

51
Q

The large intestine absorbs vitamins produced by

A

bacteria

52
Q

Mass movements of material (stool) occur through

A

colon and rectum

53
Q

Defecation reflex is triggered by

A

distention of rectal walls

54
Q

Ileum terminates into this part

Large pouch for collection of food

No mesentary, can be displaced from its resting position

A

cecum, via ileocecal orifice and valve

55
Q

Disputed function, some lymphatic function, protected area for the growth of intestinal bacteria

A

Appendix

56
Q

After the cecum follows the

A

Ascending colon, right colic flexure, transverse colon, left colic flexure (splenic), descending colon, sigmond colon, rectum, and anus.

57
Q

Movement of ingesta for excretion

H2O absorption

Lined with bacteria to release any remaining nutrients

Breaks down indigestible food

A

Colon

58
Q

Ingesta moved through the _____ intestine, dehydrated, mixed with ____ and _____, and formed into _____

A

Large, bacteria and mucus, feces

59
Q

Enzymatic digestion primarily occurs in the ______; Absorption primarily occurs in the ________

A

Duodenum, Jejunum

60
Q

The absorptive foregut is supplied by which artery?

A

Celiac

BMEN 309 Midterm II (5 decks)

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