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MED 1 > Heart > Flashcards

Heart Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Clinically the most important chamber of the heart.
    A. Left Atrium
    C. Left Ventricle
    B. Right Atrium
    D. Right Ventricle
A

C. Left Ventricle
Explanation: The left ventricle is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the entire body through the aorta. Its function is crucial for maintaining systemic circulation.

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2
Q

Mitral valve is closed and aortic valve is open.
A. First heart sound
C. Third heart sound
B. Second heart sound
D. Fourth heart sound

A

B. Second heart sound
Explanation: The second heart sound (S2) is produced when the aortic and pulmonic valves close. The mitral valve is closed during systole when the aortic valve is open.

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3
Q

Sound produced during opening of the aortic valve.
A. Opening Snap
C. Splitting of 1s heart sound
B. Early systolic ejection sound
D. Splitting of 2nd heart sound

A

B. Early systolic ejection sound
Explanation: This sound is produced by the sudden halting of the aortic valve leaflets due to rapid ejection of blood from the left ventricle.

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4
Q

Cardiac valve that is usually heard best in the 2nd and 3rd left interspaces close to the sternum.
A. Pulmonic valve
B. Aortic valve
C. Mitral valve
D. Tricuspid valve

A

A. Pulmonic valve
Explanation: The pulmonic valve is best auscultated in the 2nd left intercostal space close to the sternum.

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5
Q

The first heart sound is seen at the start of the
A. P wave
C. R wave
B. Q wave
D. S wave

A

C. R wave
Explanation: The first heart sound (S1) corresponds to the onset of the QRS complex, specifically the R wave, on an ECG.

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6
Q
  1. Refer to as the resistance against which the ventricle must contract
    A.Stroke volume
    C. Myocardial contractility
    B. Pre load
    D. After load
A

D. Afterload
Explanation: Afterload refers to the resistance that the ventricles must overcome to eject blood into the arteries.

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7
Q

The following factors influence arterial pressure, EXCEPT:
A. Right ventricular stroke volume
B. Distensibility of the aorta and large arteries
C. Viscosity of the blood
D. Peripheral vascular resistance

A

A. Right ventricular stroke volume
Explanation: Arterial pressure is primarily influenced by the left ventricular stroke volume, not the right.

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8
Q

Represent atrial relaxation
A. v wave
B. a wave
C. x descent
D. y descent

A

C. x descent
Explanation: The x descent on a jugular venous pulse tracing represents atrial relaxation.

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9
Q
  1. Location where innocent murmur is best heard
    A. 2nd to 4” left interspaces
    B. 2nd to 4” right interspaces
    C. 5th intercostal space, left midclavicular line
    D. 7 intercostal space, left parasternal line
A

A. 2nd to 4th left interspaces
Explanation: Innocent murmurs are often best heard in the 2nd to 4th left intercostal spaces.

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10
Q
  1. Isolated systolic hypertension is
    A. More than 140 mmHg
    B. More than 150 mmHg
    C. More than 130 mmHg
    D. More than 160 mmHg
A

A. More than 140 mmHg
Explanation: Isolated systolic hypertension is defined as a systolic blood pressure of more than 140 mmHg with a normal diastolic blood pressure.

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11
Q

Large V waves is usually seen in
A. Mitral regurgitation
C. Aortic regurgitation
B. Tricuspid regurgitation
D. Pulmonic regurgitation

A

A. Mitral regurgitation
Explanation: Large V waves in the jugular venous pulse are characteristic of mitral regurgitation.

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12
Q

Paradoxical pulse is usually seen in the following conditions, EXCEPT:
A. Pericardial Tamponade
C. Emphysema
B. Bronchial Asthma
D. Constrictive Pericarditis

A

C. Emphysema
Explanation: Paradoxical pulse (or pulsus paradoxus) is not typically associated with emphysema.

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13
Q

The following conditions cause accentuated first heart sound, EXCEPT:
A. Congestive Heart Failure
C. Exercise
B. Hyperthyroidism
D. Anemia

A

D. Anemia
Explanation: Anemia does not typically cause an accentuated first heart sound.

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14
Q

Fourth heart sound is normally heard in
A. Athletic Individual
C. Adolescent
B. Infant
D. Fever

A

B. Infant
Explanation: A fourth heart sound (S4) is normal in infants but is usually pathologic in adults.

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15
Q

. Totally irregularly irregular heart sound/s is/are found in:
A. Atrial fibrillation
C. Both A & B
B. Atrial flutter with varying block
D. Neither A & B

A

A. Atrial fibrillation
Explanation: Atrial fibrillation is characterized by an irregularly irregular rhythm.

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16
Q

Write A if the statement is correlated
B if the statement is NOT correlated

A. AORTIC STENOSIS
_____16. S1 is decreased
_____17. Best heard in sitting position
_____18. Murmur radiated to the neck
_____19. Murmur located at the left 2nd interspace

A

A. AORTIC STENOSIS

  1. S1 is decreased
    * Answer: B (S1 is typically normal in aortic stenosis.)
  2. Best heard in sitting position
    * Answer: A (The murmur of aortic stenosis is best heard with the patient sitting and leaning forward.)
  3. Murmur radiated to the neck
    * Answer: A (The murmur of aortic stenosis can radiate to the carotid arteries in the neck.)
  4. Murmur located at the left 2nd interspace
    * Answer: A (The murmur is best heard in the right 2nd interspace but can sometimes be heard in the left 2nd interspace.)
17
Q

Write A if the statement is correlated
B if the statement is NOT correlated

B. INNOCENT MURMURS
_____20. Diastolic murmurs
_____21. Location 2nd to 4th right interspace
_____22. Correlated with cardiovascular disease
_____23. Grade 5 intensity of murmurs

A

B. INNOCENT MURMURS
Diastolic murmurs
Answer: B (Innocent murmurs are systolic, not diastolic.)

Location 2nd to 4th right interspace
Answer: A (Innocent murmurs can be heard in this location.)

Correlated with cardiovascular disease
Answer: B (Innocent murmurs are not indicative of cardiovascular disease.)

Grade 5 intensity of murmurs
Answer: B (Innocent murmurs are typically of lower intensity.)

18
Q

Write A if the statement is correlated
B if the statement is NOT correlated

C. MITRAL REGURGITATION
_____24. S1 is often decreased
_____25. Murmur becomes louder during inspiration
_____26. Location apex
_____27. Murmur radiate to left axilla

A

C. MITRAL REGURGITATION
S1 is often decreased
Answer: A (S1 can be decreased in chronic mitral regurgitation.)

Murmur becomes louder during inspiration
Answer: B (The murmur of mitral regurgitation becomes louder during expiration, not inspiration.)

Location apex
Answer: A (The murmur is best heard at the apex.)

Murmur radiate to left axilla
Answer: A (The murmur can radiate to the left axilla.)

19
Q

Write A if the statement is correlated
B if the statement is NOT correlated

D. AORTIC REGURGITATION
_____28. Increase in pulse pressure
_____29. Arterial pulse large and bounding
_____30. Midsystolic murmur
_____31. Murmur heard best leaning forward

A

D. AORTIC REGURGITATION
Increase in pulse pressure
Answer: A (There is a widened pulse pressure in aortic regurgitation.)

Arterial pulse large and bounding
Answer: A (This is characteristic of aortic regurgitation.)

Midsystolic murmur
Answer: B (Aortic regurgitation produces an early diastolic murmur.)

Murmur heard best leaning forward
Answer: A (The murmur is best heard with the patient leaning forward.)

20
Q

Write A if the statement is correlated
B if the statement is NOT correlated

E. MITRAL STENOSIS
_____32. Accentuated S1
_____33. Heard best on lateral decubitus during inspiration
_____34. Heard best using the diaphragm
_____35. Absent opening snap

A

E. MITRAL STENOSIS
Accentuated S1
Answer: A (S1 is typically loud in mitral stenosis.)

Heard best on lateral decubitus during inspiration
Answer: B (The murmur is best heard in the left lateral decubitus position during expiration.)

Heard best using the diaphragm
Answer: B (The murmur is best heard using the bell of the stethoscope.)

Absent opening snap
Answer: B (An opening snap is characteristic of mitral stenosis.)

21
Q

Write A if the statement is correlated
B if the statement is NOT correlated

F. MURMUR IN HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY
_____36. Located at the 3rd and 4th right interspaces
_____37. Decreases in intensity with squatting
_____38. Decreases in intensity during straining
_____39. Radiates to the neck

A

F. MURMUR IN HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY
Located at the 3rd and 4th right interspaces
Answer: A (The murmur can be heard in this location.)

Decreases in intensity with squatting
Answer: A (Squatting increases venous return and decreases the murmur’s intensity.)

Decreases in intensity during straining
Answer: B (Straining (Valsalva maneuver) decreases venous return and increases the murmur’s intensity.)

Radiates to the neck
Answer: B (The murmur does not typically radiate to the neck.)

22
Q

Write A if the statement is correlated
B if the statement is NOT correlated

G. LARGE, BOUNDING PULSES
_____40. Increase stroke volume
_____41. Increase peripheral resistance
_____42. Complete heart block
_____43. Hyperthyroidism

A

G. LARGE, BOUNDING PULSES
Increase stroke volume
Answer: A (Increased stroke volume can cause large, bounding pulses.)

Increase peripheral resistance
Answer: B (Increased peripheral resistance would not cause large, bounding pulses.)

Complete heart block
Answer: B (Complete heart block does not typically cause large, bounding pulses.)

Hyperthyroidism
Answer: A (Hyperthyroidism can cause large, bounding pulses.)

23
Q

Write A if the statement is correlated
B if the statement is NOT correlated

H. PULSUS ALTERNANS
_____44. Found in right ventricular failure
_____45. Left sided third heart sound

A

H. PULSUS ALTERNANS
Found in right ventricular failure
Answer: B (Pulsus alternans is typically associated with left ventricular failure.)

Left-sided third heart sound
Answer: A (Pulsus alternans can be associated with a left-sided third heart sound.)

24
Q

III. TIMING OF MURMURS
A. Mid systolic
B. Early systolic
C. Both systolic and diastolic
D. Late systolic
E. Late diastolic

  1. Opening Snap
A

E. Late diastolic

25
III. TIMING OF MURMURS A. Mid systolic B. Early systolic C. Both systolic and diastolic D. Late systolic E. Late diastolic 47. Aortic Stenosis
A. Mid systolic
26
III. TIMING OF MURMURS A. Mid systolic B. Early systolic C. Both systolic and diastolic D. Late systolic E. Late diastolic 48. Mitral Regurgitation
C. Both systolic and diastolic
27
III. TIMING OF MURMURS A. Mid systolic B. Early systolic C. Both systolic and diastolic D. Late systolic E. Late diastolic _49. Aortic Regurgitation
E. Late diastolic
28
III. TIMING OF MURMURS A. Mid systolic B. Early systolic C. Both systolic and diastolic D. Late systolic E. Late diastolic 50. Mitral Stenosis
E. Late diastolic
29
III. TIMING OF MURMURS A. Mid systolic B. Early systolic C. Both systolic and diastolic D. Late systolic E. Late diastolic 51. Mitral Valve Prolapse
D. Late systolic
30
III. TIMING OF MURMURS A. Mid systolic B. Early systolic C. Both systolic and diastolic D. Late systolic E. Late diastolic 52. Pericardial Friction Rub
C. Both systolic and diastolic
31
III. TIMING OF MURMURS A. Mid systolic B. Early systolic C. Both systolic and diastolic D. Late systolic E. Late diastolic 53. Ventricular Septal Defect
A. Mid systolic
32
III. TIMING OF MURMURS A. Mid systolic B. Early systolic C. Both systolic and diastolic D. Late systolic E. Late diastolic 54. Austin Flint murmur
E. Late diastolic
33
III. TIMING OF MURMURS A. Mid systolic B. Early systolic C. Both systolic and diastolic D. Late systolic E. Late diastolic 55. Innocent murmurs
A. Mid systolic
34
56. Above the medial third of the right clavicle A. Pericardial Friction Rub B. Patent ductus Arteriosus C. Venous Hum D. All of the above E. None of the above
C. Venous Hum
35
57. Radiates to the left clavicle A. Pericardial Friction Rub B. Patent ductus Arteriosus C. Venous Hum D. All of the above E. None of the above
B. Patent ductus Arteriosus
36
58. Humming and roaring A. Pericardial Friction Rub B. Patent ductus Arteriosus C. Venous Hum D. All of the above E. None of the above
C. Venous Hum
37
59. High pitch A. Pericardial Friction Rub B. Patent ductus Arteriosus C. Venous Hum D. All of the above E. None of the above
A. Pericardial Friction Rub
38
60. Atrial systole, ventricular systole and diastole A. Pericardial Friction Rub B. Patent ductus Arteriosus C. Venous Hum D. All of the above E. None of the above
A. Pericardial Friction Rub
39

MED 1 (13 decks)

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