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med 1 > Heart > Flashcards

Heart Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Clinically the most important chamber of the heart.
    A. Left Atrium
    C. Left Ventricle
    B. Right Atrium
    D. Right Ventricle
A

C. Left Ventricle
Explanation: The left ventricle is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the entire body through the aorta. Its function is crucial for maintaining systemic circulation.

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2
Q

Mitral valve is closed and aortic valve is open.
A. First heart sound
C. Third heart sound
B. Second heart sound
D. Fourth heart sound

A

B. Second heart sound
Explanation: The second heart sound (S2) is produced when the aortic and pulmonic valves close. The mitral valve is closed during systole when the aortic valve is open.

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3
Q

Sound produced during opening of the aortic valve.
A. Opening Snap
C. Splitting of 1s heart sound
B. Early systolic ejection sound
D. Splitting of 2nd heart sound

A

B. Early systolic ejection sound
Explanation: This sound is produced by the sudden halting of the aortic valve leaflets due to rapid ejection of blood from the left ventricle.

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4
Q

Cardiac valve that is usually heard best in the 2nd and 3rd left interspaces close to the sternum.
A. Pulmonic valve
B. Aortic valve
C. Mitral valve
D. Tricuspid valve

A

A. Pulmonic valve
Explanation: The pulmonic valve is best auscultated in the 2nd left intercostal space close to the sternum.

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5
Q

The first heart sound is seen at the start of the
A. P wave
C. R wave
B. Q wave
D. S wave

A

C. R wave
Explanation: The first heart sound (S1) corresponds to the onset of the QRS complex, specifically the R wave, on an ECG.

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6
Q
  1. Refer to as the resistance against which the ventricle must contract
    A.Stroke volume
    C. Myocardial contractility
    B. Pre load
    D. After load
A

D. Afterload
Explanation: Afterload refers to the resistance that the ventricles must overcome to eject blood into the arteries.

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7
Q

The following factors influence arterial pressure, EXCEPT:
A. Right ventricular stroke volume
B. Distensibility of the aorta and large arteries
C. Viscosity of the blood
D. Peripheral vascular resistance

A

A. Right ventricular stroke volume
Explanation: Arterial pressure is primarily influenced by the left ventricular stroke volume, not the right.

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8
Q

Represent atrial relaxation
A. v wave
B. a wave
C. x descent
D. y descent

A

C. x descent
Explanation: The x descent on a jugular venous pulse tracing represents atrial relaxation.

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9
Q
  1. Location where innocent murmur is best heard
    A. 2nd to 4” left interspaces
    B. 2nd to 4” right interspaces
    C. 5th intercostal space, left midclavicular line
    D. 7 intercostal space, left parasternal line
A

A. 2nd to 4th left interspaces
Explanation: Innocent murmurs are often best heard in the 2nd to 4th left intercostal spaces.

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10
Q
  1. Isolated systolic hypertension is
    A. More than 140 mmHg
    B. More than 150 mmHg
    C. More than 130 mmHg
    D. More than 160 mmHg
A

A. More than 140 mmHg
Explanation: Isolated systolic hypertension is defined as a systolic blood pressure of more than 140 mmHg with a normal diastolic blood pressure.

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11
Q

Large V waves is usually seen in
A. Mitral regurgitation
C. Aortic regurgitation
B. Tricuspid regurgitation
D. Pulmonic regurgitation

A

A. Mitral regurgitation
Explanation: Large V waves in the jugular venous pulse are characteristic of mitral regurgitation.

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12
Q

Paradoxical pulse is usually seen in the following conditions, EXCEPT:
A. Pericardial Tamponade
C. Emphysema
B. Bronchial Asthma
D. Constrictive Pericarditis

A

C. Emphysema
Explanation: Paradoxical pulse (or pulsus paradoxus) is not typically associated with emphysema.

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13
Q

The following conditions cause accentuated first heart sound, EXCEPT:
A. Congestive Heart Failure
C. Exercise
B. Hyperthyroidism
D. Anemia

A

D. Anemia
Explanation: Anemia does not typically cause an accentuated first heart sound.

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14
Q

Fourth heart sound is normally heard in
A. Athletic Individual
C. Adolescent
B. Infant
D. Fever

A

B. Infant
Explanation: A fourth heart sound (S4) is normal in infants but is usually pathologic in adults.

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15
Q

. Totally irregularly irregular heart sound/s is/are found in:
A. Atrial fibrillation
C. Both A & B
B. Atrial flutter with varying block
D. Neither A & B

A

A. Atrial fibrillation
Explanation: Atrial fibrillation is characterized by an irregularly irregular rhythm.

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16
Q

Write A if the statement is correlated
B if the statement is NOT correlated

A. AORTIC STENOSIS
_____16. S1 is decreased
_____17. Best heard in sitting position
_____18. Murmur radiated to the neck
_____19. Murmur located at the left 2nd interspace

A

A. AORTIC STENOSIS

  1. S1 is decreased
    * Answer: B (S1 is typically normal in aortic stenosis.)
  2. Best heard in sitting position
    * Answer: A (The murmur of aortic stenosis is best heard with the patient sitting and leaning forward.)
  3. Murmur radiated to the neck
    * Answer: A (The murmur of aortic stenosis can radiate to the carotid arteries in the neck.)
  4. Murmur located at the left 2nd interspace
    * Answer: A (The murmur is best heard in the right 2nd interspace but can sometimes be heard in the left 2nd interspace.)
17
Q

Write A if the statement is correlated
B if the statement is NOT correlated

B. INNOCENT MURMURS
_____20. Diastolic murmurs
_____21. Location 2nd to 4th right interspace
_____22. Correlated with cardiovascular disease
_____23. Grade 5 intensity of murmurs

A

B. INNOCENT MURMURS
Diastolic murmurs
Answer: B (Innocent murmurs are systolic, not diastolic.)

Location 2nd to 4th right interspace
Answer: A (Innocent murmurs can be heard in this location.)

Correlated with cardiovascular disease
Answer: B (Innocent murmurs are not indicative of cardiovascular disease.)

Grade 5 intensity of murmurs
Answer: B (Innocent murmurs are typically of lower intensity.)

18
Q

Write A if the statement is correlated
B if the statement is NOT correlated

C. MITRAL REGURGITATION
_____24. S1 is often decreased
_____25. Murmur becomes louder during inspiration
_____26. Location apex
_____27. Murmur radiate to left axilla

A

C. MITRAL REGURGITATION
S1 is often decreased
Answer: A (S1 can be decreased in chronic mitral regurgitation.)

Murmur becomes louder during inspiration
Answer: B (The murmur of mitral regurgitation becomes louder during expiration, not inspiration.)

Location apex
Answer: A (The murmur is best heard at the apex.)

Murmur radiate to left axilla
Answer: A (The murmur can radiate to the left axilla.)

19
Q

Write A if the statement is correlated
B if the statement is NOT correlated

D. AORTIC REGURGITATION
_____28. Increase in pulse pressure
_____29. Arterial pulse large and bounding
_____30. Midsystolic murmur
_____31. Murmur heard best leaning forward

A

D. AORTIC REGURGITATION
Increase in pulse pressure
Answer: A (There is a widened pulse pressure in aortic regurgitation.)

Arterial pulse large and bounding
Answer: A (This is characteristic of aortic regurgitation.)

Midsystolic murmur
Answer: B (Aortic regurgitation produces an early diastolic murmur.)

Murmur heard best leaning forward
Answer: A (The murmur is best heard with the patient leaning forward.)

20
Q

Write A if the statement is correlated
B if the statement is NOT correlated

E. MITRAL STENOSIS
_____32. Accentuated S1
_____33. Heard best on lateral decubitus during inspiration
_____34. Heard best using the diaphragm
_____35. Absent opening snap

A

E. MITRAL STENOSIS
Accentuated S1
Answer: A (S1 is typically loud in mitral stenosis.)

Heard best on lateral decubitus during inspiration
Answer: B (The murmur is best heard in the left lateral decubitus position during expiration.)

Heard best using the diaphragm
Answer: B (The murmur is best heard using the bell of the stethoscope.)

Absent opening snap
Answer: B (An opening snap is characteristic of mitral stenosis.)

21
Q

Write A if the statement is correlated
B if the statement is NOT correlated

F. MURMUR IN HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY
_____36. Located at the 3rd and 4th right interspaces
_____37. Decreases in intensity with squatting
_____38. Decreases in intensity during straining
_____39. Radiates to the neck

A

F. MURMUR IN HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY
Located at the 3rd and 4th right interspaces
Answer: A (The murmur can be heard in this location.)

Decreases in intensity with squatting
Answer: A (Squatting increases venous return and decreases the murmur’s intensity.)

Decreases in intensity during straining
Answer: B (Straining (Valsalva maneuver) decreases venous return and increases the murmur’s intensity.)

Radiates to the neck
Answer: B (The murmur does not typically radiate to the neck.)

22
Q

Write A if the statement is correlated
B if the statement is NOT correlated

G. LARGE, BOUNDING PULSES
_____40. Increase stroke volume
_____41. Increase peripheral resistance
_____42. Complete heart block
_____43. Hyperthyroidism

A

G. LARGE, BOUNDING PULSES
Increase stroke volume
Answer: A (Increased stroke volume can cause large, bounding pulses.)

Increase peripheral resistance
Answer: B (Increased peripheral resistance would not cause large, bounding pulses.)

Complete heart block
Answer: B (Complete heart block does not typically cause large, bounding pulses.)

Hyperthyroidism
Answer: A (Hyperthyroidism can cause large, bounding pulses.)

23
Q

Write A if the statement is correlated
B if the statement is NOT correlated

H. PULSUS ALTERNANS
_____44. Found in right ventricular failure
_____45. Left sided third heart sound

A

H. PULSUS ALTERNANS
Found in right ventricular failure
Answer: B (Pulsus alternans is typically associated with left ventricular failure.)

Left-sided third heart sound
Answer: A (Pulsus alternans can be associated with a left-sided third heart sound.)

24
Q

III. TIMING OF MURMURS
A. Mid systolic
B. Early systolic
C. Both systolic and diastolic
D. Late systolic
E. Late diastolic

  1. Opening Snap
A

E. Late diastolic

25
Q

III. TIMING OF MURMURS
A. Mid systolic
B. Early systolic
C. Both systolic and diastolic
D. Late systolic
E. Late diastolic

  1. Aortic Stenosis
A

A. Mid systolic

26
Q

III. TIMING OF MURMURS
A. Mid systolic
B. Early systolic
C. Both systolic and diastolic
D. Late systolic
E. Late diastolic

  1. Mitral Regurgitation
A

C. Both systolic and diastolic

27
Q

III. TIMING OF MURMURS
A. Mid systolic
B. Early systolic
C. Both systolic and diastolic
D. Late systolic
E. Late diastolic

_49. Aortic Regurgitation

A

E. Late diastolic

28
Q

III. TIMING OF MURMURS
A. Mid systolic
B. Early systolic
C. Both systolic and diastolic
D. Late systolic
E. Late diastolic

  1. Mitral Stenosis
A

E. Late diastolic

29
Q

III. TIMING OF MURMURS
A. Mid systolic
B. Early systolic
C. Both systolic and diastolic
D. Late systolic
E. Late diastolic

  1. Mitral Valve Prolapse
A

D. Late systolic

30
Q

III. TIMING OF MURMURS
A. Mid systolic
B. Early systolic
C. Both systolic and diastolic
D. Late systolic
E. Late diastolic

  1. Pericardial Friction Rub
A

C. Both systolic and diastolic

31
Q

III. TIMING OF MURMURS
A. Mid systolic
B. Early systolic
C. Both systolic and diastolic
D. Late systolic
E. Late diastolic

  1. Ventricular Septal Defect
A

A. Mid systolic

32
Q

III. TIMING OF MURMURS
A. Mid systolic
B. Early systolic
C. Both systolic and diastolic
D. Late systolic
E. Late diastolic

  1. Austin Flint murmur
A

E. Late diastolic

33
Q

III. TIMING OF MURMURS
A. Mid systolic
B. Early systolic
C. Both systolic and diastolic
D. Late systolic
E. Late diastolic

  1. Innocent murmurs
A

A. Mid systolic

34
Q
  1. Above the medial third of the right clavicle
    A. Pericardial Friction Rub
    B. Patent ductus Arteriosus
    C. Venous Hum
    D. All of the above
    E. None of the above
A

C. Venous Hum

35
Q
  1. Radiates to the left clavicle
    A. Pericardial Friction Rub
    B. Patent ductus Arteriosus
    C. Venous Hum
    D. All of the above
    E. None of the above
A

B. Patent ductus Arteriosus

36
Q
  1. Humming and roaring
    A. Pericardial Friction Rub
    B. Patent ductus Arteriosus
    C. Venous Hum
    D. All of the above
    E. None of the above
A

C. Venous Hum

37
Q
  1. High pitch
    A. Pericardial Friction Rub
    B. Patent ductus Arteriosus
    C. Venous Hum
    D. All of the above
    E. None of the above
A

A. Pericardial Friction Rub

38
Q
  1. Atrial systole, ventricular systole and diastole
    A. Pericardial Friction Rub
    B. Patent ductus Arteriosus
    C. Venous Hum
    D. All of the above
    E. None of the above
A

A. Pericardial Friction Rub

39
Q
A

med 1 (13 decks)

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