Heart

Question 1

What is heart attack?

Answer 1

A heart attack, also known as myocardial infarction, is when the blood flow to the heart is blocked, usually by a blood clot.

Blockage of vessel supplying the heart - coronary artery
-narrowing leads to ischemia (reduced blood supply to cardiac muscle)

This can cause damage to the heart muscle and can be life-threatening.

Question 2

What is the main purpose of coronary circulation?

Answer 2

The main purpose of coronary circulation is to supply oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle. It helps keep the heart healthy and functioning properly.

Question 3

Veinous blood of the heart is collected by the cardiac veins all of which drain at the posterior aspect of heart to?

Answer 3

Coronary sinus

Question 4

What is coronary sinus?

Answer 4

The coronary sinus is a large vein located on the posterior side of the heart. It collects deoxygenated blood from the heart muscle and returns it to the right atrium of the heart.

Question 5

How many surfaces of heart?

Answer 5

1. Diaphragmatic surface
   (Inferior - in contact with diaphragm)
2. Right pulmonary surface
   With right lung
3. Left pulmonary surface
   With left lung
4. Costosternal surface
   Anterior surface - incontact with sternum

Question 6

Superior Vena Cava is supplies by which veins?

Answer 6

Right and left brachiocephalic vein

Question 7

How many pulmonary veins on either side of left atrium?

Answer 7

4 pulmonary veins

Question 8

What are branches of aorta?

Answer 8

1. Brachiocephalic trunk
   Splits into :
2. Right common carotid artery - supplies head n neck
3. Right subclavian artery - supplies right arm
4. Left common carotid artery
5. Left subclavian artery

Question 9

The coronary arteries which supply the heart arise from ?

Answer 9

Right and left aortic sinuses at the base of aorta

Question 10

What is coronary sulcus?

Answer 10

Groove between atrium and ventricles
-coronary arteries run in this sulcus

Question 11

What is interventricular sulcus?

Answer 11

Groove between 2 ventricles
1. Anterior at front
2. Posterior at back

Question 12

Right coronary artery continues to the right side of heart through coronary sulcus and descends to give:

Answer 12

1.Right marginal branch (on the side)
2. Posterior interventricular artery or posterior descending artery (at the back)

Question 13

The left coronary artery gives?

Answer 13

**1. Anterior interventricular artery **

It continues and wounds all the way back to posterior side of heart and this winding artery is called

2. Circumflex artery

Continues and gives

3. Left marginal artery

Question 14

Coronary dominance is determined by?

Answer 14

Which coronary artery supplies the posterior interventricular artery….
If left coronary artery - left dominant
If right coronary artery - right dominant

Question 15

Coronary sinus lines between? And its function?

Answer 15

In coronary sulcus between
Left atrium and left ventricle

Cardiac veins drain into Coronary sinus which drains into right atrium

Question 16

The great cardiac vein runs down?

Answer 16

Anterior intra ventricular sulcus

Question 17

Which veins are drained into coronary sinus?

Answer 17

1.Great cardiac vein (anterior interventricular sulcus)
2.Middle cardiac vein (posterior interventricular sulcus)
3. Posterior cardiac vein (on margin of heart)
4. Small cardiac vein (on left side of heart)

Question 18

Difference between oblique sinus and transverse sinus?

Answer 18

The oblique sinus and transverse sinus are both spaces within the heart, but they are located in different areas.

Oblique
The oblique sinus is a small cavity located on the posterior surface of the heart, between the left atrium and the left ventricle.

Or around the vanae cavaea and 4 pulmonary veins

Transverse
On the other hand, the transverse sinus is a groove located between the ascending aorta and the pulmonary trunk. It is a passage that allows blood vessels and other structures to pass through.

Question 19

Nerve supply to pericardium?

Answer 19

Phrenic nerves

Question 20

Which vena cava has no valve?

Answer 20

Superior