Heart

Question 1

What is tissue fluid

Answer 1

Fluid contain water glucose amino acid oxygen

Question 2

Describe how tissue fluid is formed and returned to circulatory system

Answer 2

Form
1. High hydrostatic pressure
2. Forces fluid out
3. Large proteins remain in capillary

Returned
1. Low water potential in capillary
2. Due to proteins
3. Water enters capillary
4. By osmosis

Question 3

Pressure change in heart valves

Answer 3

1. Atrium has higher pressure than ventricle (due to filling
2. Atrioventricular valve opens
3. Ventricle has higher pressure than atrium (due to filling)
4. Atrioventricular valve closes
5. Ventricle has higher pressure than aorta
6. Semilunar valve opens
   7.Higher pressure in aorta than ventricle
7. Semilunar valve closes

Question 4

Pathway red blood cell takes travelling kidney to lungs

Answer 4

Renal vein
Vena cava to right atria
Right ventricle to pulmonary atery

Question 5

Explain how water from tissue fluid returns to circulatory system

Answer 5

Proteins remain
Creates water potential gradient
Water moves in by osmosis
Returns by lymphatic system

Question 6

Risk factors of cardiovascular

Answer 6

Smoking
Poor diet
High blood pressure

Question 7

How does smoking increase cardiovascular

Answer 7

Nicotine increase blood pressure
Carbon monoxide joins haemoglobin preventing it carrying oxygen

Question 8

How does poor diet increase cardiovascular

Answer 8

High cholesterol- blood clots and high blood pressure
Salt = high blood pressure

Question 9

High blood pressure lead to cardiovascular

Answer 9

Increased risk of damage to arterial endothelium
Blood clots

Question 10

Describe and explain how structure of capillaries adapted exchange of substance between blood and tissue

Answer 10

Flattened endothelial cells - reduce diffuse distance
Fenestrations - allow large molecule through
Narrow lumen - reduce rate of blood flow allowing more time diffusion to occur
One cell thick - reduce diffusion distance
Small diameter - larger SA:V