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Anatomy 3 > Heart 1 > Flashcards

Heart 1 Flashcards

1
Q

How does the pericardium sac develop?

A

head fold

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2
Q

Describe the fibrous layer of pericardium

A
  • tough, inelastic layer that protects against overfilling
  • fused to central tendon of diaphragm
  • derived from body wall during lateral fold in early development
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3
Q

What are the two layers to the serous portion of the pericardium?

A

parietal and visceral

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4
Q

Describe the parietal layer of the serous portion of pericardium

A

fused to internal surface of fibrous layer of the pericardium (outer layer), another words the parietal layer is on the heart wall

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5
Q

The visceral layer of the serous portion of pericardium is also known as what?

A

epicardium

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6
Q

Describe the visceral layer of the serous portion of pericardium

A
  • on the heart, a very thin, shiny layer, also known as capillary layer
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7
Q

What are the two major outflow vessels of the heart?

A

pulmonary trunk

ascending aorta

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8
Q

Would you find fluid in the pericardial cavity normally?

A

NO, visceral and parietal peritoneum should be together, if fluid is found, pericardiocentesis is performed

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9
Q

When performing a pericardiocentesis, where should the needle be inserted?

A

1) subcostal/ infrasternal area
2) lingual and cardiac notch
If the needle goes too far and hits the heart, EKG will spike. Just back the needle up

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10
Q

What is the apex of the heart?

A

left ventricle

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11
Q

Where does the apex of the heart sit in relative to everything else?

A
  • sits in cardiac notch with lingula of left lung around it

- 5th intercostal space

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12
Q

What is the dermatome level of the nipple?

A

T4

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13
Q

What are the surfaces of the heart?

A

1) sternocostal (anterior)
2) diaphragmatic (inferior)
3) pulmonary (left)

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14
Q

What part of the heart is at the sternocostal surface?

A

(anterior)

right ventricle

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15
Q

What part of the heart is at the diaphragmatic surface?

A

(inferior)

both ventricles, primarily left

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16
Q

What part of the heart is at the pulmonary surface?

A

(left)

left ventricle

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17
Q

What is at the right border of the heart?

A
  • right atrium

- 3rd costal cartilage to 6th costal cartilage

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18
Q

What is at the inferior border of the heart?

A
  • right ventricle and apex of left ventricle

- right 6th costal cartilage to left 5th intercostal space

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19
Q

What is at the left border of the heart?

A
  • left ventricle and left auricle

- left 5th intercostal space to left 2nd costal cartilage

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20
Q

What is at the superior border of the heart?

A
  • right and left auricles, conus arteriosus

- left 2nd costal cartilage to right 3rd costal cartilage

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21
Q

What are the three cardiac grooves and sulci?

A

1) Coronary sulcus (atrioventricular)
2) anterior interventericular groove
3) posterior interventricular groove

22
Q

What is the groove between the atria and ventricle?

A 
atrioventricular groove (coronary sulcus)
- crown of the heart and coronary arteries sit here
23
Q

What is the groove between the two ventricles?

A

anterior interventricular groove

interventricular septum is deep

24
Q

Where is the posterior interventricular groove?

A

posterior side of the heart that separates the two ventricles

25
Q

Everything above the diaphragm drains through this vessel

A

superior vena cava

26
Q

Everything below the diaphragm drains through this vessel

A

inferior vena cava

27
Q

Where is sinus venarum and what is its significance?

A

smooth surface located in the right atrium (smooth because it derived from a blood vessel)

28
Q

What is crista terminalis?

A

transition edge between sinus venarum and pectinate muscles in right atrium

29
Q

Where can you find pectinate muscles?

A
  • anterior wall of right atrium

- right and left auricles

30
Q

What is the origin of pectinate muscles?

A

identifies baby heart (mostly right atrium is left)

31
Q

Where is fossa ovalis?

A

right side of inter-atrial septum

32
Q

Which is the main drain vein of the heart?

A

coronary sinus that opens into right atrium

3rd major vessel to drain- both vena cavas being the other two

33
Q

Where is the tricuspid valve?

A

guards the right atrioventricular valve

34
Q

What’s the name of the muscles that are attached to the tricuspids?

A

papillary muscles anchor chordae tendinae of the tricuspids

35
Q

Where is the conus arteriosus?

A

right ventricle where the outflow exits the pulmonary trunk to the lungs

36
Q

What is the cardiac skeleton?

A

fibrocartilagenous tissue that surrounds the orifices of the valves, there are 4 rings

37
Q

What are the three main functions of the cardiac skeleton?

A
  • divides atria from ventricles
  • barrier between atrial and ventricles for conductive system
  • attachment for heart valves and myocardium
38
Q

What’s the function of tendon of conus arteriosus?

A

attaches conus arteriosus to aortic ring

39
Q

Left fibrous trigone

A

mitral valve to aortic semilunar valves

40
Q

Right fibrous trigone

A

AV valve to aortic semilunar valves

41
Q

How do you know if it’s a right dominant heart?

A

the posterior interventricular artery comes off the right coronary artery

42
Q

How do you know if it’s a left dominant heart?

A

the posterior interventericular artery comes off the circumflex artery (off the left coronary a)

43
Q

What arteries do the right coronary artery give off?

A

marginal artery (along the right ventricle), posteriohat r interventricular artery (if right dominant)

44
Q

What arteries do the left coronary artery give off?

A

anterior interventricular artery and circumflex

45
Q

What groove does the circumflex artery run in?

A

coronary sulcus

46
Q

Where is the great cardiac vein?

A

anterior surface of the heart, alongside the anterior interventricular artery

47
Q

Where is the small cardiac vein?

A

right side of the heart, alongside the marginal artery

48
Q

Where is the middle cardiac vein?

A

posterior side of the heart, alongside the posterior interventricular artery

49
Q

Where do the great, small, and middle cardiac veins drain?

A

coronary sinus

50
Q

What groove does the coronary sinus run in?

A

coronary sulcus

51
Q

Where is the aortic vestibule?

A

in the left ventricle, right before the aortic valve (semilunar valve)

Anatomy 3 (12 decks)

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