Heart 1 Flashcards
How does the pericardium sac develop?
head fold
Describe the fibrous layer of pericardium
- tough, inelastic layer that protects against overfilling
- fused to central tendon of diaphragm
- derived from body wall during lateral fold in early development
What are the two layers to the serous portion of the pericardium?
parietal and visceral
Describe the parietal layer of the serous portion of pericardium
fused to internal surface of fibrous layer of the pericardium (outer layer), another words the parietal layer is on the heart wall
The visceral layer of the serous portion of pericardium is also known as what?
epicardium
Describe the visceral layer of the serous portion of pericardium
- on the heart, a very thin, shiny layer, also known as capillary layer
What are the two major outflow vessels of the heart?
pulmonary trunk
ascending aorta
Would you find fluid in the pericardial cavity normally?
NO, visceral and parietal peritoneum should be together, if fluid is found, pericardiocentesis is performed
When performing a pericardiocentesis, where should the needle be inserted?
1) subcostal/ infrasternal area
2) lingual and cardiac notch
If the needle goes too far and hits the heart, EKG will spike. Just back the needle up
What is the apex of the heart?
left ventricle
Where does the apex of the heart sit in relative to everything else?
- sits in cardiac notch with lingula of left lung around it
- 5th intercostal space
What is the dermatome level of the nipple?
T4
What are the surfaces of the heart?
1) sternocostal (anterior)
2) diaphragmatic (inferior)
3) pulmonary (left)
What part of the heart is at the sternocostal surface?
(anterior)
right ventricle
What part of the heart is at the diaphragmatic surface?
(inferior)
both ventricles, primarily left
What part of the heart is at the pulmonary surface?
(left)
left ventricle
What is at the right border of the heart?
- right atrium
- 3rd costal cartilage to 6th costal cartilage
What is at the inferior border of the heart?
- right ventricle and apex of left ventricle
- right 6th costal cartilage to left 5th intercostal space
What is at the left border of the heart?
- left ventricle and left auricle
- left 5th intercostal space to left 2nd costal cartilage
What is at the superior border of the heart?
- right and left auricles, conus arteriosus
- left 2nd costal cartilage to right 3rd costal cartilage
What are the three cardiac grooves and sulci?
1) Coronary sulcus (atrioventricular)
2) anterior interventericular groove
3) posterior interventricular groove
What is the groove between the atria and ventricle?
atrioventricular groove (coronary sulcus) - crown of the heart and coronary arteries sit here
What is the groove between the two ventricles?
anterior interventricular groove
interventricular septum is deep
Where is the posterior interventricular groove?
posterior side of the heart that separates the two ventricles
Everything above the diaphragm drains through this vessel
superior vena cava
Everything below the diaphragm drains through this vessel
inferior vena cava
Where is sinus venarum and what is its significance?
smooth surface located in the right atrium (smooth because it derived from a blood vessel)
What is crista terminalis?
transition edge between sinus venarum and pectinate muscles in right atrium
Where can you find pectinate muscles?
- anterior wall of right atrium
- right and left auricles
What is the origin of pectinate muscles?
identifies baby heart (mostly right atrium is left)
Where is fossa ovalis?
right side of inter-atrial septum
Which is the main drain vein of the heart?
coronary sinus that opens into right atrium
3rd major vessel to drain- both vena cavas being the other two
Where is the tricuspid valve?
guards the right atrioventricular valve
What’s the name of the muscles that are attached to the tricuspids?
papillary muscles anchor chordae tendinae of the tricuspids
Where is the conus arteriosus?
right ventricle where the outflow exits the pulmonary trunk to the lungs
What is the cardiac skeleton?
fibrocartilagenous tissue that surrounds the orifices of the valves, there are 4 rings
What are the three main functions of the cardiac skeleton?
- divides atria from ventricles
- barrier between atrial and ventricles for conductive system
- attachment for heart valves and myocardium
What’s the function of tendon of conus arteriosus?
attaches conus arteriosus to aortic ring
Left fibrous trigone
mitral valve to aortic semilunar valves
Right fibrous trigone
AV valve to aortic semilunar valves
How do you know if it’s a right dominant heart?
the posterior interventricular artery comes off the right coronary artery
How do you know if it’s a left dominant heart?
the posterior interventericular artery comes off the circumflex artery (off the left coronary a)
What arteries do the right coronary artery give off?
marginal artery (along the right ventricle), posteriohat r interventricular artery (if right dominant)
What arteries do the left coronary artery give off?
anterior interventricular artery and circumflex
What groove does the circumflex artery run in?
coronary sulcus
Where is the great cardiac vein?
anterior surface of the heart, alongside the anterior interventricular artery
Where is the small cardiac vein?
right side of the heart, alongside the marginal artery
Where is the middle cardiac vein?
posterior side of the heart, alongside the posterior interventricular artery
Where do the great, small, and middle cardiac veins drain?
coronary sinus
What groove does the coronary sinus run in?
coronary sulcus
Where is the aortic vestibule?
in the left ventricle, right before the aortic valve (semilunar valve)
