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Year 4: ENT > Hearing Loss > Flashcards

Hearing Loss Flashcards

1
Q

types of hearing loss

A

conductive sensorineural mixed central

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2
Q

pathology behind conductive hearing loss

A

something stopping sound waves from reaching inner ear

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3
Q

pathology behind sensorineural hearing loss

A

problem with cochlear/ auditory nerve

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4
Q

pathology behind central hearing loss

A

problem within brain e.g. stroke

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5
Q

important tests for hearing loss

A

Rinne + Weber Test Pure tone audiometry (PTA)

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6
Q

what tuning fork is used in Rinne + Webers test

A

512 Hz

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7
Q

how is Rinne’s test performed

A

place tuning fork on patients mastoid process and ask them to say when they can no longer hear it move tuning fork outside of auditory canal and ask if they can still hear it

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8
Q

In a Rinne’s test, if patient can no longer hear the sound when moved from mastoid process to in front of the ear what type of hearing loss do they have?

A

conductive hearing loss - bone conduction is greater than air conduction

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9
Q

In a Rinne’s test, if patient can hear sound when moved from mastoid process to in front of the ear what type of hearing loss do they have?

A

NONE- normal result

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10
Q

how is Webbers test performed

A

place tuning fork in middle of patients forehead ask which side the sound is heard loudest

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11
Q

in Webbers test, patient hears sound loudest in the unaffected ear - what type of hearing loss do they have?

A

unilateral sensorineural hearing loss

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12
Q

in Webbers test, patient hears sound loudest in the affected ear - what type of hearing loss do they have?

A

unilateral conductive hearing loss

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13
Q

Webbers test result indicating - conductive hearing loss - sensorineural hearing loss

A

conductive = sound loudest in affected side sensorineural = sound loudest in unaffected side

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14
Q

causes of conductive hearing loss

A

unilateral: - glue ear - cholesteatoma - otitis media / otitis externa bilateral: - otosclerosis

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15
Q

what is otosclerosis? what age does it present?

A

gradual onset bilateral conductive hearing loss + tinnitus - fixation of stapes - onset 20-40 years

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16
Q

inheritance of otosclerosis

A

autosomal dominant

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17
Q

what can exacerbate otosclerosis

A

pregnancy

18
Q

what is typically seen on an audiogram of otosclerosis

A

Carharts Notch - drop in bone conduction at 2000 Hz

19
Q

tx of otosclerosis

A

conservative: hearing aids surgical: replacement of stapes with stapedectomy or stapedotomy

20
Q

causes of sensorineural hearing loss

A

unilateral: - Meniere’s Disease - Acoustic Neuroma bilateral: - Presbycusis - Noise induced - Drugs - Congenital

21
Q

what drugs can cause sensorineural hearing loss

A

gentamicin furosemide aspirin

22
Q

congenital causes of sensorineural hearing loss

A

CMV Rubella Alport syndrome (sensorineural hearing loss + glomerulonephritis)

23
Q

what is presbycusis

A

age related bilateral sensorineural hearing loss

24
Q

treatment of presbycusis

A

hearing aids

25
Q

presentation of Meniere’s disease

A

recurrent episodes of vertigo, tinnitus, sensorineural hearing loss fullness/pressure in ears

26
Q

drug given during attack of Meniere’s

A

buccal / IM prochlorperazine

27
Q

drug used to prevent attacks of Meniere’s

A

betahistine

28
Q

what is a cholesteatoma

A

non-cancerous growth of keratinised squamous epithelium that causes local destruction

29
Q

symptoms of cholesteatoma

A

foul smelling ear discharge conductive hearing loss vertigo / facial nerve palsy if invasion has occurred

30
Q

tx of cholesteatoma

A

surgical removal

31
Q

what is an acoustic neuroma

A

tumour of vestibulochochlear (CN VIII) nerve sheath

32
Q

symptoms of an acoustic neuroma

A

unilateral sensorineural hearing loss vertigo tinnitus

33
Q

what reflex is lost in an acoustic neuroma

A

corneal reflex

34
Q

imaging for suspected acoustic neuroma

A

MRI cerebellopontine angle

35
Q

bilateral acoustic neuromas are seen in which genetic condition

A

NF 2

36
Q

on an audiogram, what level of hearing is normal?

A

>20 dB

37
Q

on an audiogram what do these symbols mean:

  • X
  • O
  • Triangle
  • [
  • ]
  • red line, blue line
A

X = air conduction left ear

O = air conduction right ear

Triangle = bone conduction

[ = bone conduction right ear

] = bone conduction left ear

red = right ear

blue = left ear

38
Q

what type of hearing loss does this audiogram show

A

conductive hearing loss

  • gap between air + bone conduction
  • air conduction reduced
  • bone conduction normal
39
Q

what type of hearing loss does this audiogram show

A

sensorineural hearing loss

40
Q

what type of hearing loss does this audiogram show

A

mixed hearing loss

  • gap between bone + air – conductive
  • bone below normal levels – sensorineural

== mixed hearing loss

41
Q

what does this audiogram show

A

otosclerosis

  • Carharts notch at 2000 Hz

Year 4: ENT (11 decks)

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