Heamatology

Question 1

Normal values of RBCs count & HB concentration

Answer 1

HP = 12-16 gm/dl in females. & 13.5 - 17.5 gm/dl in males.
RBCs= 3.9-5 million/ul in females. & 4.5. 5 million/ul in males

Question 2

Normal bleeding Time

Answer 2

< 9 minutes

Question 3

Prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT)

Answer 3

[Normal=33-45sec]

Question 4

Normal prothrombin time

Answer 4

[normal 12sec)

Question 5

Normal platelet count is

Answer 5

250,000 - 400,000 / cmm

Question 6

Causes of MCV’ is Increased = Macrocytic Hyperchromic anemia

Answer 6

Megaloblastic anemia :
- Folic acid deficiency
- B12 deficiency

Question 7

Causes of MCV’ Normal = Normocytic Normochromic anemia

Answer 7

• Hemolytic anemia (except thalassemia)
• Aplastic anemia
• Acute bemorrhagic Anemia

Question 8

Causes MCV Decreased = Microcytic Hypochromic anemia

Answer 8

• Iron deficiency anemia
• Anemia of chronic disease
• Thalassemia

Question 9

Patient diagnosed as case of CA. Lung revived chemotherapy and he has chest infection and epistaxsis and anemia ? Aplastic anemia ¿

¿ How you confirmed the diagnosis ?

Answer 9

CBC: pancytopenia
Reticulocytopenia
Bone marrow aspiration : dry tap, biopsy

Question 10

¿ Patient diagnosed as case of CA. Lung revived chemotherapy and he has chest infection and epistaxsis and anemia ?

Answer 10

A plastic anemia

Question 11

Bone marrow suppressions

Answer 11

A Plastic Anemia

Question 12

Which type of anemia if haemoglobin 8gm /dl and MCV below normal ?

Answer 12

Moderate Anemia

Question 13

Which type of anemia if haemoglobin 7gm and MCV below normal

Answer 13

Sever Anemia

Question 14

¿ Lady femal 35 years pregnant with hemoglobin gram and low MCV complaint of headaches fatiug pale skin atrophy of tongue papillae ?

¿ What do you think the diagnosis ?

Answer 14

If haemoglobin 8gram /dl and MCV below normal is iron deficiency anemia

Question 15

¿ Lady femal 35 years pregnant with hemoglobin 8 gram and low MCV complaint of headaches fatiug pale skin atrophy of tongue papillae ?

If haemoglobin 8gram /dl and MCV below normal is iron deficiency anemia

? What investigation to be done to confirm the diagnosis ¿

Answer 15

Blood picture
Stool Iron studies :
- Low serum iron
- Low serum ferritin

Question 16

¿ Lady femal 35 years pregnant with hemoglobin 8gram and low MCV complaint of headaches fatiug pale skin atrophy of tongue papillae ?

If haemoglobin 8gram /dl and MCV below normal is iron deficiency anemia

? Management ¿

Answer 16

Treat cause of blood loss
Given ( iron )oral intake/injection

Question 17

¿ Koilonychia ( spoon shaped nail ) seen in ?

Answer 17

iron deficiency anemia

Question 18

¿ Mild jaundice found in ?

Answer 18

Haemolytic anemia

Question 19

? Causes of iron deficiency ¿

Answer 19

1/ poor intake
2/ decreed absorption
3/ Increase demand
4/ blood loss (common cause)

Question 20

It is an autoimmune disorder in which there is atrophic gastritis with loss
parietal cells in the gastric mucosa with consequent failure of intrinsic factor production and vitamin B malabsorption , common in fair haired and blue eyes , A blood group , females more than males

Answer 20

Pernicious anaemia

Question 21

¿ Pernicious anaemia associated with ?

Answer 21

Autoimmune diseases , thyroid disease & vitiligo , gastric carcinoma with PA

Question 22

¿ Parietal cell antibodies are present in ?

Answer 22

90% of patients

Question 23

¿ Intrinsic factor antibodies found in only ?

Answer 23

50% of patient

Question 24

¿ Anemia , red sore tongue ( glossitis ) angular stomatitis ? Are clinical features of ¿

Answer 24

Pernicious anemia

Question 25

Investigations of pernicious anemia

Answer 25

CBC = megaloblastic anaemia
Bone marrow test = megaloblastic erythropoiesis
Serum vitamin B12 = low

Question 26

There is a higher incidence of ………. With pernicious anemia than in general population CBC in pernicious anemia is shown serum B12 level ………..

Answer 26

• gastric carcinoma
• low

Question 27

? PLATELET DISORDERS Are characterized by ¿

Answer 27

prolonged bleeding time.

Question 28

disturbed platelet function in presence of normal platelet count.

Answer 28

Thrombathenia

Question 29

there decrease in a count of platelet

Answer 29

Thrombocytopenia

Question 30

Treatment of autoimmune thrombocytopenia

Answer 30

Remission in acute cases (80%)
Corticosteroids.
splenectomy.

Question 31

Clinical picture of autoimmune thrombocytopenia

Answer 31

Purpura , petichae , hemorrhage bullae in the oral cavity , bleeding from gums

Question 32

Diagnosis of autoimmune thrombocytopenia

Answer 32

• Exclude drugs as a cause
• CBC : platelets decrease below 100 ,000/cmm.
• Bone marrow : Normal or increased megakaryocytes.

Question 33

occur more in children 2_6 years Usually females equally as males with bleeding from gums epistaxis with low platelet count below 100000mm3

Answer 33

Acute ATP

Question 34

Commonly occur in females of 20-40 years old. Related to ATP

Answer 34

Chronic ATP

Question 35

¿ • It is a condition where a or quantitative or qualitative decrease in factor VIll ?

Answer 35

Haemophilia A

Question 36

A male 5 years old he under go tooth extraction start bleeding investigation done bleeding time and platelet count normal prolonged APTT normal protrombin time low Factor VIll

What is your diagnosis?

How you treat ?

Answer 36

Hemophilia A

Avoid aspirin as an analgesic
Avoid intramuscular injection

Question 37

? • Quantitative or qualitative in factor IX ¿

Answer 37

Haemophilia B

Question 38

¿ Decreased synthesis of vitamine k depended factors ?

Answer 38

( ll , Vll , lX , X )