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MEDECINE > Endocrinology > Flashcards

Endocrinology Flashcards

1
Q

Causes of hyperthyroidism

A

Grave’s disease ( Autoimmune disease).
Toxic multinodular goiter.
Toxic solitary nodule.

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2
Q

More common in 9 (7:1)
Diffuse enlargement of the thyroid gland.

A

Grave’s disease

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3
Q

General symptoms and signs of Grave’s disease

A

Weight loss in spite of the increase apetite.
Heat intolerance.
Excessive sweating.
Warm hands.

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4
Q

Eye manifestations of grave’s disease

A

Staring look
Paralysis of some of the eye muscles
Exophthalmos: protrusion of the eye forward.

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5
Q

Central Nervous System CNS: of grave’s disease

A

Irritability, Nervousness, anxiety.
Tremors of the out stretched hands and of the tongue•

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6
Q

Cardio-vascular System [CVSl: of grave’s disease

A

Palpitation (tachycardia , may be AF)
Exertional dyspnea.
Sleeping pulse > 100/min.

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7
Q

GastroIntestinal Tract IGITI: manifestations of grave’s disease

A

Hyper-defecation.
Malabsorption.

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8
Q

Skin: manifestation of grave’s disease

A

Pretibial myxoedema

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9
Q

Q A lady 45 years complain. Of wight lostin spite of increase apelite excessive sweating warm
handss termor on stretching hands and tongue sleeping pulse more than 100/min

What you think she has?

Investigation

Mangment

A

Grave’s disease

thyroid function test (13),(14), (tsh in these case (T3), (T4) IS high and (ISH) is low

Medical treatment
Surgical remove
Radioactive iodine

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10
Q

Failure of the thyroid gland to secrete thyroxine. Caused by ?

A

1ry hypothyroidism (Autoimmune disease).
After surgical removal.
After treatment with radioactive iodine for thyrotoxicosis

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11
Q

Symptoms of MYxedema

A

Symptoms:

General:
Intolerance to cold.
Increase tiredness
Weight gain in spite of decreased appetite.

Neck: Enlarged thyroid gland or scar of surgical removal of the thyroid gland
Dry skin (decrease sweating).
Non pitting edema ( accumulation of mucopolysacharride)
Pale skin( vasoconstriction)
O CVS:
Sinus bradycardia (Pulse <100).

Infeltration by myxedematous tissue:
Hoarseness of voice (Vocal Cords).
Slurred speech(Tongue).
Deafness(Internal auditory)

GIT: Decrease appetite, Constipation.

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12
Q

A man age 50 years old complaint of Intolerance to cold , wight gain In spite of decrease appetite , puffiness of eye lids dry hair, he had a scar in his neck, non pitting edema , bradycardia, hypercholesterrmia

What you think the diagnosis

Investigation

Mangment

A

Myxedema

TSH / thvroid function test (13), TT4), (tsh)
In these case (T3), (T4) IS low and (TSH) is high

Thyroxin drugs forever

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13
Q

a group of metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both.

A

Diabetes mellitus

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14
Q

Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
IDDM

A

Type 1 DM

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15
Q

Non Insulin Dependent Diabetes Millets NIDDM

A

Type 2 DM

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16
Q

Management of DM: ( goals )

A

1- Optimizing glycemic control

2- improve quality of life

3 - decrease complication of death

17
Q

Optimizing glycemic control in DM management

A

Fasting blood glucose:
100 - 120mg/dl
Post prandial blood glucose:
140 - 160mg/dl
Bed time blood glucose:
100 - 140 mg/dl
Hemoglobin A1C (HbAIC) below 7%

18
Q

Acute Diabetic Complications

A

Hypoglycemia

Diabetic ketoacidosis DKA

Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonkitotic syndrome HHNS

19
Q

If hypoglycemia is not corrected rapidly will lead to

A

Irreversible brain damage

20
Q

Hypoglycemia is dignosed by presence of

A

Whippoe triad

21
Q

Whipple Triad

A

1- Symptoms consistant with hypoglycemia
2- Blood glucose < 45 mg/dl
3- Reversal of symptoms after correcting hypoglycemia.

22
Q

The diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis depended on

A

1/ Hyperglycemia >250mg/dl
2/ ketone bodies in urine and blood
3/ arterial blood pH<7.35

23
Q

Chronic Diabetic Complications

A

© Microvascular: Retinopathy, Nephropathy and Neuropathy.
© Macrovascular: Cardiovascular, Cerebrovascular and peripheral vascular disease

24
Q

Causes of blindness in DM are

A

1/ diabetic retinopathy
2/ cataract
3/ glaucoma
4/ central retinal artery occlusion

25
Q

can be treated by diet control

A

Type 1 DM

26
Q

Chronic hyperglycemia in ……………………is associated with long term…………………………………………….. especially the ……………………………………………….

A

Diabetes mellitus

damage Dysfunction, and failure of various organs

eye, kidney, nerves, heart & blood
vessels

27
Q

• ………………………………….. is due to sever ……….. deficiency due to 3 cells destruction and those
patient depend on insulin for survival so it is was initially named ………………………………………………

A

Types 1 diabetes mellitus

insulin

insulin dependent diabetes
mellitus

28
Q

• In IDDM patients are ……… and pron to ……………………………….

A

thin

diabetic keto acidosis

29
Q

Most patients with type2 DM are………………………………………& associated with other insulin
resistant conditions as ……………………………………………………

A

obese, positive family history

hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia„. Fatty liver, and abdominal
obesity (metabolic syndrome)

MEDECINE (4 decks)

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