Healthy organs 2: Digestive system Flashcards
What is the job of the digestive system?
Breaks down food into small molecules that are absorbed into the bloodstream.
Name three parts of the digestive system.
The digestive system consists of the alimentary canal (mouth to anus) and associated organs such as the liver, gall bladder and pancreas.
Define peristalsis
When food is swallowed the bolus of food is pushed through the digestive system by peristalsis. Here the muscles behind the food contract and the muscles in front of the food relax
Describe the role of the mouth in digestion
The mouth mechanically grinds down food into smaller pieces by using the teeth. The salivary glands produce an enzyme called amylase which starts to break down any carbohydrates in the food
During digestion where does food go after the mouth
It travels down the oesophagus by peristalsis and enters the stomach
Describe the role of the stomach in digestion.
The stomach breaks down food further, the stomach is surrounded by muscles which mix, squeeze and churn the food. The stomach also contains acid and the enzyme pepsin to break down the proteins in food. All this turns food into a slushy liquid
Describe the role of the small intestine in digestion
The small intestine further digests food coming from the stomach. It absorbs nutrients (vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, fats, proteins) and water from food so they can be used by the body.
What does the liver do?
After the small intestine nutrient-rich blood comes directly to the liver for processing. The liver filters out harmful substances or wastes. The liver even helps figure out how many nutrients will go to the rest of the body, and how many will stay behind in storage. For example, the liver stores certain vitamins and glucose
What does the large intestine do during digestion?
The purpose of the large intestine is to absorb water and salts from the material that has not been digested as food, and get rid of any waste products left over. These leave the body as faeces (poo) or urine (pee).
How can you help your digestive system?
You can help your digestive system by drinking water and eating a healthy diet that includes foods rich in fibre. High-fibre foods, like fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, make it easier for poop to pass through your system.
