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Principles of Medical Laboratory Sciences > Healthcare Waste Management > Flashcards

Healthcare Waste Management Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

wastes generated by Diagnosis, treatment, and immunization of humans

A

health care wastes

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2
Q

wastes generated by - Research using laboratory animals geared towards
improvement of human health;

A

health care wastes

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3
Q

between 75-90% of wastes generated by health care activities are ______

A

non-hazardous

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4
Q

__% of sampled facilities from __ countries had adequate systems in place for the safe disposal of healthcare wastes

A

58%, 24 countries

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5
Q

what percent of wastes generated by healthcare activities are non-hazardous?

A

10-25%

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6
Q

in the Philippines, what percentage of waste from healthcare facilities are hazardous?

A

30.36%

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7
Q

in the ph, what % of wastes from health care facilities are general wastes?

A

69.63%

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8
Q

hospitals generate an average of ___kg of infectious sharps and pathological wastes and __kg of general wastes per bed per day

A

0.34 —— 0.39

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9
Q

all health care facilities, institution, business
establishment, and other spaces where health care
services are offered with activities or work processes
that generate health care waste.

A

Health Care Waste Generators

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10
Q

what are the categories of wastes?

A
  1. infectious waste
  2. pathological & anatomical wastes
  3. sharps
  4. chemical wastes
  5. pharmaceutical wastes
  6. radioactive wastes
  7. non-hazardous/ general waste
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11
Q
  • all wastes suspected to contain pathogens or toxins
    in sufficient concentration that may cause disease.
A

infectious wastes

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12
Q
  • Tissue sections and body fluids or organs derived
    from biopsies, autopsies, or surgical procedures sent
    to the laboratory for examination.
A

PATHOLOGICAL & ANATOMICAL WASTE

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13
Q
  • Waste items that can cause cuts, pricks, or puncture
    wounds
A

SHARPS

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14
Q

Discarded chemical generated during disinfection
and sterilization procedures

A

CHEMICAL WASTES

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15
Q

Expired, split, and contaminated pharmaceutical
products, drugs, and vaccines including discarded
items used in handling pharmaceuticals

A

PHARMACEUTICAL WASTES

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16
Q

Wastes exposed to radionuclides including
radioactive diagnostic materials or radiotherapeutic
materials.

A

RADIOACTIVE WASTES

17
Q

Wastes that have not been in
contact with communicable or
infectious agents, hazardous
chemicals, or radioactive
substances, and do not pose a
hazard

A

NON-HAZARDOUS OR GENERAL WASTES

18
Q

enumerate the pyramid of healthcare WM system from most preferable to least preferable

A

prevent
reduce
reuse
recycle
recover
treat
dispose

19
Q

Bin: strong leak-proof bin
with cover labelled ‘infectious’
with biohazard symbol
Liner: yellow plastic that can
withstand autoclaving with
0.009 mm thickness

A

infectious waste

20
Q

Bin: strong leak-proof bin with cover labelled
‘pathological/anatomical waste’ with biohazard
symbol
- Liner: yellow plastic that can withstand autoclaving
with 0.009 mm thickness

A

pathological/anatomical waste

21
Q

Bin: puncture-proof
container with a wide mouth
and cover
- Liner: not applicable

A

SHARPS

22
Q

bin is a disposable
bottle made of ambercolored glass with at
least 4 liters capacity that
is string, chemical-resistant, and leak-proof
Liner: yellow with black band plastic with 0.009 mm

A

CHEMICAL WASTES

23
Q

Bin: strong leak-proof
bin with cover labelled
‘pharmaceutical waste’
Bin: strong leak-proof
bin with cover labelled
‘pharmaceutical waste’

A
  • PHARMACEUTICAL WASTES
24
Q

Bin: radiation proof repositories, leak-proof, and
lead-lined container
Liner: orange plastic with
0.009 mm thickness

A

RADIOACTIVE WASTES

25
Q

Bin: optional recycle
symbol for recyclable
non-hazardous wastes;
Bin: optional recycle
symbol for recyclable
non-hazardous waste

A

GENERAL WASTES

26
Q

what are the seven treatments and disposal of health care wastes?

A
  1. pyrolysis
  2. autoclave
  3. microwave
  4. chemical disinfection
  5. biological process
  6. encapsulation
  7. inertization
27
Q

Thermal decomposition of health care
wastes in the absence of supplied
molecular oxygen in the destruction
chamber where waste is converted into
gaseous, liquid, or solid form.

A
  • PYROLYSIS
28
Q

The use of steam sterilization to render
waste harmless and is an efficient wet
thermal disinfection process. The usual
setting is at 121C with a pressure of 15v
psi for 15 to 30 minutes.

A

AUTOCLAVE

29
Q

Typically incorporates some type of size
reduction device. Wastes are exposed to
microwave that raise the temperature to
100C for at least 30 minutes.

A

MICROWAVE

30
Q

Chemicals like Na hypochlorite, Hydrogen
peroxide, peroxyacetic acid, and heated
alkali are added to health care wastes to
kill or inactivate present pathogens. 5% Na
hypochlorite is recommended.

A
  • CHEMICAL DISINFECTION
31
Q

Uses an enzyme mixture to decontaminate
health care wastes. The technology is
suited for large applications.

A

BIOLOGICAL PROCESS

32
Q

Involves filling of containers with water,
adding and immobilizing material, and
sealing the containers. The containers are
filled with plastic foam, sand, and cement
mortar, sealed, and disposed in a landfill.

A

ENCAPSULATION

33
Q

Especially suitable for pharmaceutical
waste that involves the mixing of waste
with cement and other substances before
disposal.

A
  • INERTIZATION

Principles of Medical Laboratory Sciences (7 decks)

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