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Principles of Medical Laboratory Sciences > Decontamination > Flashcards

Decontamination Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

it is the cleansing of objects or substances

A

decontamination

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2
Q

it is when you remove soil and pathogenic microorganisms from objects for safe use and handling

A

decontamination

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3
Q

what are the things u should decontaminate?

A
  • potentially infectious material before disposal
  • equipment & work surfaces
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4
Q

what are the 4 things you should remember when you decontaminate?

A

you decontaminate:
1. with proper disinfectant for the agent
2. after spills or contamination
3. when work is finished
4. equipment before removal from the blood

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5
Q

what are the four levels of decontamination?

A
  1. sterilization
  2. disinfection
  3. antisepsis
  4. cleaning
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6
Q

it is the highest level of decontamination

A

sterilization

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7
Q

it eliminates all forms of life including spores

A

sterilization

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8
Q

it is less lethal, and it eliminates nearly all but not all spores

A

disinfection

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9
Q

it is the application of liquid antimicrobial chemicals to skin or living tissue to inhibit or destroy micro-organisms. It only eliminates BACTERIA

A

antisepsis

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10
Q

it involves water, detergent, and some mechanical action, such as scrubbing with gloved hands and brushes

A

cleaning

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11
Q

enumerate the different types of decontamination for living tissues

A

chemical
thermal
radiation
filtration

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12
Q

what is the most effective chemical for chemical decontamination?

A

Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (Benzalkonium Chloride)

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13
Q

it is a chemical that gives an emulsifying effect because of detergent product attacking the cell wall of cells

A

Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (Benzalkonium Chloride)

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14
Q

give five chemicals used for chemical decontamination:

A

any of the following:
-halogens
-aldehydes (formaldehydes, gluteraldehydes)
-phenols
-alcohols
-acids & alkalis
-oxidizing agent (hydrogen peroxide)
-Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (Benzalkonium Chloride)
-biguanides (chlorhexidine)

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15
Q

enumerate the factors affecting disinfection

A
  1. number of microorganisms
  2. location of microorganisms
  3. innate resistance to disinfectant
  4. product factors
  5. surface topography
  6. biofilm
  7. concentration and potency of disinfection
  8. physical & chemical factors
  9. appropriate contact time
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16
Q

what are the two types of resistance?

A

Intrinsic resistance
acquired resistance

17
Q

what type of resistance is natural

A

intrinsic resistance

18
Q

what type of resistance involves genetic changes and the use of disinfection at sublethal levels

A

acquired resistance

19
Q

what is that thing gram-negative (-) bacteria have that makes them not die from disinfectants?

A

lipopolysaccharides

20
Q

it considers the age of the product or solution, method of application (spray or wipe), rate of application, & storage condition

A

product factors

21
Q

about cracks and crevices that needs to be repaired

A

surface topography

22
Q

microbial communities

A

biofilm

23
Q

refers to the temperature, ph, relative humidity, & water hardness

A

physical and chemical factors

24
Q

what is the appropriate time for surface disinfection?

A

1 minute

25
Q

what is the appropriate time for instrument soaking?

A

20 minutes

26
Q

it is a strong heated container used for chemical reactions and other processes using high-pressure and high temperature

A

autoclave

27
Q

what kind of heat and ginagamit sa autoclave? wet or dry?

A

wet heat

28
Q

nganong wet heat ang ginagamit sa autoclave?

A

-mas effective
-steam sterilization

29
Q

what is the principle of using the autoclave?

A

steam under pressure

30
Q

what are the specific measurements for using autoclave?

A

temp: 121degrees Celsius
pressure: 15PSI
time: 1 hour

31
Q

what is the most dependable system for decontamination?

A

autoclave

32
Q

what are the possible hazards in autoclave

A
  1. explosive breakage from vessel
  2. burns arising from careless handling
  3. burns resulting from physical contact
33
Q

what can be autoclaved?

A
  1. pathogenic plant matter
  2. culture and stocks of infectious agents
  3. contaminated solids
  4. discarded live or attenuated vaccines
  5. animal tissues and cage wastes
34
Q

what should not be autoclaved?

A
  1. corrosive material
  2. radioactive material
35
Q

how often should you clean the trap of an autoclave?

A

once a week

36
Q

how often should you clean the surrounding?

A

after EVERY use

Principles of Medical Laboratory Sciences (7 decks)

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