healthcare Flashcards
what is the correlation between wealth and health?
national wealth means its more likely for decent levels of nutrition are available tot he public
individual wealth means its easier to access healthcare
why do people in Sub-Saharan Africa have a lower standard of healthcare than western areas?
the systems were inherited from their colonial leaders after independence and those systems focused only on the rich, white areas and no system for anyone else so these flaws of bad distribution stayed after the white people left
how was health defined at the Alma Ata conference and where and when was this?
‘a state of complete physical, mental and social well being, and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity’
Kazakstan
1978
Zimbabwe
what was the life expectancy in 1990?
“ 2008?
what was the infant mortality rate in 1990
“ 2008?
60
37
53/1000
81/1000
what was the debt crisis and how did it affect healthcare?
the global economic crisis in the 1980’s meant heavily indebted countries couldn’t pay their debt and had to borrow more money, this was given in the form of grants in return for conditions including the privatisation of the countries health care and education
This reduced the countries influence on their own health and mean western countries bought them up for profit making it impossible for poor people to use
in 1997 Sub-Saharan African countries were paying 4x more to western creditors than spending on healthcare
what problems would HIC focus on?
obesity
elderly diseases - dementia
preventative - stopping people from smoking to not have to deal with cancer/heart problems later in life
what problems would LIC focus on?
poor water supply
malnutrition
combating infectious diseases
reducing maternal and infant mortality rates
Uganda
- what diseases does Uganda struggle with?
- what problems does malaria cause?
- what percentage of health expenditure does malaria take up?
- what methods have the gov used?
- by how many million have reported cases gone up between 2002-8?
malaria, HIV and polio
death and disability - lack of productivity,
40%
house spraying, education, mosquito nets
2.5m (7.5m to 11m)
what is an endemic?
what is an epidemic?
a disease regularly found among particular people or areas
a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time
why is combating malaria so difficult?
corruption in the distribution of nets so rich get them first, lack of education on how to use nets or other ways to protect themselves, overpopulation and the diseases can’t be contained by borders
who is vulnerable to AIDS?
gay men, heroin addicts, people who got blood transfusions in the 70’s,
children of the above
Stats on AIDS
what percentage of adults in Swaziland have aids?
how many people in Sub-Saharan Africa have AIDS?
how many orphans of AIDS are there in Sub-Saharan Africa?
how much lower is average life expectant in areas with more than 13% HIV prevalence?
26.1
22m
11.6m
11 years
what is the triple challenge of AIDS?
1 - providing healthcare to those with HIV
2 - reducing the spread of AIDS
3 - coping with the impacts of so much death on the orphans, communities and nation
how does AIDS impact development?
productivity rate reduced
less skilled workers used instead
pressure on recruitment
companies pay more in healthcare of death benefits
reduces taxable population
orphans are much less likely to finish education and work instead
how has denial made the spread of AIDS worse?
presidents Mugabe and Mbeki said it eas spread through poverty and less educated wouldn’t question leaders
stigma means cant get help and authorities cant measure the problem
60% of sufferers are women and it is against culture for them to discuss sex
conspiracies that it is a western idea to limit the growth of the African population
Malawi
what is the life expectancy?
what is the HIV prevalence rate?
what is the leading cause of death?
when was the first case and what stopped it being discussed?
when did the president acknowledge that there was a problem?
what happened in 2002?
what did the 2004 AIDS policy do?
what is the doctor to patient ratio?
how would gender equality help in this case study?
54
11%
AIDS
1985 - discussion of sexual matters was banned
1994
worst famine ever there and was made worse by AIDS because farmers had been caring for family who were suffering
raised awareness, improve the provision of protection, treatment, care and support
1:50,000
women’s rates would drop as sexual assault and domestic abuse are reduced
Uganda
what is the ABC plan?
who funds it?
pros
cons
Abstinence
Be faithful
Condomise
US AID
percentage drop 16%-4%, works within religion, new cases a year from 10,000 to 5,000, aid orphans 2003 - 940,000 to 2015 - 64,000, readiliy available antiviral drugs
condoms aren’t 100% effective, rape or forced marriage
what is polio? what is the Ugandan government doing to reduce spread? what were cases worldwide in 1988 " 2014 who is this funded by?
the infectious disease causes muscle weakness either disabling or killing victims, spread generally through dirty water house to house vaccinations 350,000 223 WHO and UNICEF
problems delivering healthcare in rural Uganda
- understaffed
- undertrained
- walks to the hospital for ill
help from doctors without borders - reliance on NGO
long waiting time - brain drain
