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bpk 140 > health & wellness > Flashcards

health & wellness Flashcards

1
Q

health

A
  • overall condition of body or mind & presence or absence of illness/injury
  • can be determined or influenced by factors beyond your control (age, genes, health care system, care received as young child)
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2
Q

wellness

A
  • optimal health & vitality → achieving the best possible health & living a lively & energetic life
  • encompasses all dimensions of well-being, like living life to its fullest
  • largely determined by decisions you make about how you live
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3
Q

enhanced wellness

A
  • involves making conscious decisions to control risk factors which increase a person’s chances of disease/injury (ex; smoking, exercising, health diet)
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4
Q

health promotion

A
  • process of enabling people to increase control over & improve their own health (vehicle for achieving wellness)
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5
Q

social determinants of health

A
  • factors that influence health of individuals & groups;
  • income & income distribution among a population
  • education
  • unemployment & job security
  • employment & working conditions
  • early childhood development
  • food insecurity
  • housing
  • social exclusion
  • social safety net & network (benefits, programs, supports)
  • health services
  • indigenous status
  • gender
  • race
  • disability
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6
Q

physical dimensions of wellness

A
  • body’s overall condition, fitness level, & ability to care for yourself
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7
Q

emotional dimensions of wellness

A
  • ability to understand & deal with your feelings
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8
Q

intellectual dimensions of wellness

A
  • seeking out new experiences & challenges
  • constantly challenging your mind
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9
Q

interpersonal dimensions of wellness

A
  • ability to develop & maintain satisfying & supportive relationships
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10
Q

spiritual dimensions of wellness

A
  • possess a set of guiding beliefs, principles, & values that give meaning & purpose to your life
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11
Q

environmental dimensions of wellness

A
  • livability of your surroundings
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12
Q

dimensions of wellness

A
  • many experts contend occupational wellness is seventh dimension (level of happiness & fulfillment gained through your work)
  • dimensions are interrelated; each has effect on the others
  • researchers have found important connections between wellness of mind & that of body
  • process of achieving wellness is constant & dynamic + involves change & growth
  • ignoring dimensions of wellness can have harmful effects on life
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13
Q

pre 1990s

A
  • wellness is fairly new concept
  • child born in 1900 could expect to live only 47 years
  • many people died from common infectious diseases (pneumonia, tuberculosis, diarrhea) & poor environmental conditions (water pollution, poor sanitation)
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14
Q

infectious diseases

A
  • diseases that spread from person to person, caused by microorganisms (such as bacteria & viruses)
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15
Q

post 1990s

A
  • life expectancy has nearly doubled (largely because of development of vaccines & antibiotics to fight infections + public health measures to improve living conditions)
  • today, chronic diseases have emerged as major health threat
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16
Q

chronic diseases

A
  • develop & continue over long period
  • ex; cancer, heart disease, & stroke are leading causes of death for Canadians
17
Q

lifestyle choices

A
  • conscious behaviours that increase or decrease a person’s risk of disease/injury (eating healthy diet, smoking, exercising)
18
Q

sex

A
  • profoundly influences wellness
  • biological & physiological characteristics that define men & women
  • intersex = people born with physical/biological sex characteristics that do not fit traditional definitions of male or female (sexual anatomy, reproductive organs, chromosomal patterns)
19
Q

gender

A
  • profoundly influences wellness
  • how people identify & feel about themselves, rather than body parts & sexual organs they have (associated with roles, behaviours, activities, & attributes in a society)
  • gender identity = person’s personal, internal sense of maleness or females (may or may not correspond with sex identified at birth) + rooted in biology & physiology
  • women are more vulnerable to toxins in tobacco smoke → increased cancer rates
  • men are more likely to suffer from certain diseases + less likely to visit their physician for regular exams
20
Q

ethnicity

A
  • some diseases are concentrated in certain gene pools (result of each ethnic group’s distinct history)
  • sickle-cell disease = most common among people of African ancestry
  • cystic fibrosis = more common among people of Northern European descent
  • in addition to biological differences, many cultural differences occur among ethnic lines;
  • traditional diets + family & interpersonal relationships + attitudes towards tobacco, alcohol, drugs + health beliefs & practices
  • racism & discrimination can cause psychological distress & increase risk of physical & psychological problems
21
Q

indigenous population

A
  • indigenous people face additional health challenges;
  • population is about 13 years younger on average (due to higher birth rates)
  • those living on reserves have dramatically higher infant mortality rate + shorter life expectancy
  • higher rate of heart disease, type 2 diabetes (associated with overweight & obesity), infection from tuberculosis (caused by bacteria spread through air when living on reserve)
  • lifestyle factors (lack of physical activity, excessive alcohol consumption, poor nutritional intake) can affect these chronic diseases
22
Q

income & education

A
  • poverty & low educational attainment are far more important predictors of poor health than any ethnic factor
  • income & education = closely related
  • groups with highest poverty rates & least education have worst health status;
  • high rates of infant mortality, traumatic injury, violent death, many diseases
  • more likely to eat poorly, be overweight, smoke, drink, use drugs + exposed to more day-to-day stressors (unreliable transportation, need to hold multiple jobs)
23
Q

disability

A
  • have activity limitations, need assistance, perceive themselves as having a disability
  • people with disabilities more likely to be inactive & overweight + also report more days of depression
  • rate of people with disabilities among Canadians is rising
24
Q

geographic location

A
  • people living in rural areas have higher death rates & are less likely to be physically active, use seat belts, obtain screening tests for preventive health care
  • also less likely to finish high school, have less access to emergency services, much higher rates of some diseases, & injury-related death
  • rural Canadians less likely to be diagnosed with cancer, report feeling less stressed, have stronger sense of community belonging
  • children living in dangerous neighbourhoods 4 times more likely to be overweight than those living in safer areas
25
Q

sexual orientation

A
  • emotional wellness & personal safety are affected by factors relating to persona, family, & social acceptance of their sexual orientation
  • gay, lesbian, bisexual, trans teens experience increased social pressures; more likely to be engaged in risky behaviours (unsafe sex, drug use) + more likely to be depressed & attempt suicide
  • HIV/AIDS = major concern for gay men
  • gay men & lesbians = higher rates of substance abuse, depression, suicide
26
Q

heredity & family history

A
  • human genome varies only slightly from person to person (many of these differences do not affect health)
  • some have important implications for health; knowing family health history can help you determine which conditions may be special concern for you
  • errors in genes responsible for about 3500 hereditary conditions (sickle-cell disease, cystic fibrosis)
  • altered genes also play part in many other common conditions (heart disease, cancer, stroke, diabetes)
  • however, in more common & complex disorders, the disease results from interaction of genes with other factors (genetic alterations serve only to increase an individuals’ risk)
27
Q

genome

A
  • complete set of genetic material in an individual’s cells
  • contains about 25000 genes (half from each of your parents)
28
Q

genes

A
  • basic units of heredity
  • sections of genetic material containing chemical instructions for making a particular protein
  • control the production of proteins that serve as structural material for your body & the regulators of all your body’s chemical reactions & metabolic processes
29
Q

environment

A
  • includes air, water, substances & conditions in home, workplace, community
  • environmental factors all have impact on wellness;
  • exposure to tobacco smoke, radiation in sunlight, poor air quality, high rates of crime & violence, problem of drug & alcohol abuse in family
30
Q

access to health care

A
  • improves both quality & quantity of life through preventive care & treatment of disease
  • vaccinations prevent many dangerous infections, screening tests help identity key risk factors & diseases in early treatable stages
  • access to best health care is tied to various factors = low income, cost
31
Q

behaviour

A
  • can take active role in improving your environment
  • behaviours make difference in how great an impact heredity & environment will have on your health
  • being physically active, choosing healthy diet, choosing not to smoke or drink alcohol
  • locus of control = figurative place a person designates as source of responsibility for the events in his/her life
  • internal locus of control = people who believe they are in control of their own lives
32
Q

behaviour change

A
  • moving in direction of wellness by cultivating healthy behaviours & working to overcome unhealthy ones

bpk 140 (6 decks)

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