Health Test 1. Flashcards
Macro nutrients
Carbohydrates, Fats, Protein
Function of carbs
Provides energy for cells
Functions of fats
amount of energy, protects organs and provides insulation.
Functions of protein
Provides amino acids for tissue repair and maintenance.
Micro nutrients
Vitamins, Minerals and Water
Functions of vitamins
Organic substances needed by all cellls in small amounts to perform specific metabolic functions.
Function of minerals
Metallic elements vital for proper cell function.
Function of water
Necessary for life and all cell functions.
3 nutrients that must be broken down before absorbed.
Macro nutrients: Carbohydrates, Fats and Protein.
In the metabolic process carbohydrates break down into?
Glucose
In the metabolic process fats break down into?
Fatty acids and glycerol
In the metabolic process protein breaks down into?
Amino acids
Nutrient the body cannot do without?
Water
How many calories per gram in each macro nutrient?
Carbohydrates and Protein = 4 calories per gram
Fats= 9 calories per gram
Two types of vitamins
Water soluble - not stored
Fat soluble - stored
What percent of the body is water
60%-70%
Formula for how much water should be consumed daily?
1/2 ounce per pound of body weight; or half your weight in ounces.
Glucose is stored in the body in what form?
Glycogen
Body’s first fuel of choice.
Carbohydrates
Body’s second fuel of choice.
Fats
Body’s third fuel of choice.
Protein
Where digestion begins.
The mouth
Enzymes
Substances promoting or initiating chemical reactions in the body. (Catalyst= speeds up reactions)
Synonymous name for gastrointestinal tract?
Alimentary canal - the muscular tube food travels through in the body.
Accessory organs
Organs outside the alimentary canal performing a function in digestion; kidneys, liver, pancreas and gall bladder.
Peristalsis
Wavelike circular muscle contractions occuring throughout the Alimentary canal.
Bolus
Round ball of food leaving the mouth.
Rugae
Folds or creases in the stomach lining.
Gastric pits
Located in the stomach; producing hydrochloric acid.
Chyme
Creamy mass of food created in the stomach; the end product of digestion in the stomach.
Bile
Emulsifies fat; stored in the gall bladder.
Metabolism
All biochemical processes necessary for life.
Metabolic rate
Rate at which calories are burned.
Basal Metabolic Rate
Rate of calories burned at rest.
Cellular respiration
Process by which food fragments are converted to energy in the cell.
Essential amino acids and non-essential amino acid difference.
essesential; not produced by the body
non-essential; produced by the body
Functions of the liver
Stores vitamins; filters toxins; converts glucose to glycogen; produces bile salts; maintains body’s balance of sugar.
Atp
Adenosine Triphosphate: Energy storage molecule.
Adp
Adenosine Diphosphate; combines with free phosphate to produce ATP, creating energy.
Catabolism
The breaking down phase of metabolism.
Anabolism
The building up phase of metabolism.
Thyroid
Regulates metabolism
Submandibular, Sublingual and Parotid glands
Salivary glands; secrete saliva.
Factors affecting metabolism or weight.
Gender, height, weight, activity level, age, diet.
Cholesterol
Fat in the blood.
Hdl
HDL High density lipoprotein = healthy cholesterol;
(the spatula)
Ldl
Low density lipoprotein = lousy cholesterol
(the patch)
Desireable cholesterol number.
less than 200
Ideal blood pressure
115/75
Normal blood pressure
120/80
Systolic number
The top number in blood pressure; pressure in the arteries when the heart beats.
Diastolic number
The bottom number in blood pressure; pressure in the arteries between beats.
Metabolic syndrome
A collection of health risks increasing the chance of developing heart disease.
Cardiovascular disease:
Disease affecting the heart and/or blood vessels.
3 non-modifiable risk factors for heart disease.
Heredity, age and male.
6 modifiable risk factors for heart disease.
High Blood pressure, diabetes, inactivity, not smoking, high cholesterol, obesity/overweight.
Heart size
The size of your fist
What jumpstarts metabolism? .
Breakfast
Fiber
Indigestible Carbohydrate - potential cancer preventer
