Health, Safety and Nutrition Flashcards
What are the three A’s of a healthy child?
1. appetite: variety of foods
interested in eating
2. appearance: clear, bright eyes
clear skin
gains weight and height
age appropriate muscles
3.activity: lots of energy
alert
sleeps
few aches and painsList the common signs and symptoms you might see in a child who is experiencing illness while in your care.
- vomiting
- fever
- change in bowel movements
- pain
- skin marks
symptoms of heat exhaustion
The condition is caused by excessive sweating. The person’s skin becomes pale and clammy, and the person feels sick, dizzy, and/or faint. Pulse rate and breathing become rapid, and a headache or muscle cramps may develop. Take action! Parents should be notified.
symptoms of heat stroke
Occurs because of prolonged exposure to very hot conditions. The mechanism in the brain that regulates body temperature stops functioning, and the body’s temperature rapidly rises to 104 degrees Fahrenheit. The person becomes flushed, with hot, dry skin and a strong rapid pulse. He or she quickly becomes confused or unconscious.
symptoms of dehydration
Dry to very dry mouth. Little or no tears when crying. Less active than usual, or very fussy. Infant will wet less than 6 diapers a day; a child will make fewer trips to the restroom than he normally does. Eyes are sunken. Hands and feet are cool and blotchy. Pulse may seem week and fast. child will not urinate for hours.
Give three examples of how to use Universal Precautions in a child care program
When caring for blood or any other bodily fluids:
- wear gloves
- clean and disinfect any contaminated areas
use 1/4 cup of bleach to 1 gallon of water - wash hands thoroughly
- change diapers on non porous surfaces
list 5 items that should be sanitized as often as possible
- toilets
- drinking fountains
- toys
- crib rails
- diapering areas
*Bleach on item for at least 10 minutes
List 3 safe and sanitary food habits from the section “The Role of Proper Food Handling in Preventing Illness”
- Clean utensils
- food storage
- Proper defrosting: thaw frozen food under refrigeration. Thaw submerged under running water
- Clean and healthy workers
- Avoid cross contamination
From the section titled, “The role of administering medicine in preventing illness” describe procedures you would follow to administer medicine to a child enrolled in your program.
- Medication must list name of recipient, dose, route, time and date of last dosage
- Medicine must be in original package
- Must have parents permission
- Need to know who is authorized to administer medication
From the section titled, “The Elements of a safe environment” what are some basic characteristics of a safe child care environment?
- Safety equipment: First aid kid
smoke detectors
fire equipment - Surroundings are neat and orderly
- Supervised children
- Potential hazards at a minimum
- Caregivers practice safety policies and procedures
From the section titled, “poisoning” how can you help to prevent poisoning in children enrolled in your child care program?
- Keep chemicals out of reach
- following safe food handling
- obey directions found on medicine label
- teach children to not place unfamiliar object near their mouth.
From the “Psychological support for injured children” describe how a professional child care provider should react when a child in his or her care is injured
Stay calm and in control
From the section titled, “ Preventing injury and accidents,” how can a caregiver help to prevent accidents?
- Playground is securely fenced
- No broken glass or debris
- Electrical outlets are covered
- Hazardous cleaning supplies are put away
Describe procedures you would include in a monthly fire drill
- Evacuation route
- Take attendance
- Designation meeting place
- Emergency numbers
List 5 best practices for transportation safety
- car seat at 45 degree angle
- children under 6 must be in a car seat or safety belt
- no safety seat should be placed in front seat
- make sure car seat is buckled in
- car seat straps should fit snugly
Describe how basic nutritional needs of babies, toddlers, and young children should be met
Children develop at their own rate and all children do better when they are allowed to do this and are not pushed into the next stage of development.
A caregiver should pay close attention to the mouth, hand, and body skill development in the infants they feed.
Describe the food pyramid and its importance
- Pyramid changed in 2005
- Added fats and oils as a a category
- Foods drawn in a realistic style
- Number of servings is a single number rather than a range
- Illustrations show physical activity
- 2 and 3 year olds need same number of servings as a 4-6 year old but only smaller portions (about 2/3)
Explain the roles of the adult and child during mealtime
Adult - mealtimes should be enjoyable and teach children social skills; plan, prepare and serve table manners; teach food groups
Child - table manners; learn about foods and its culture; know when they are full; join in conversation
From the section “ Inappropriate foods,” list 3 different age groups and some foods that are inappropriate for them
baby- anything not milk
toddler- honey, peanuts, hard candy, sugar, popcorn
young child - soda, caffeine, sweets, fast food in moderation
What should you do and not do when a child is choking?
Do: allow to cough
hiemlich manuever if trained
Don't: hit back
finger sweep mouth
shake
panic
put head between knees
perform heimlich in not trained
define health
well being of a child including physical, emotional, social, and mental self and the absence of disease or abnormal condition
characteristics of a healthy environment
- clean work/play area
- proper hygiene
- practice of a written health policy
define written policy
maintains a safe and healthy child care program
qualities of a healthy environment
- notebook containing policies
- notebook given at time of work
- rules posted: given to families
emotional health
happy
social health
friendly/interacts
mental health
interested in new experiences/ confident
special needs
Children who have physical, emotional or behavioral conditions that delay or affect development
the signs to observe in a daily health check fit into three categories
- behavior
- face
- body
behavior signs in daily health check
general mood unusual behavior activity level difficulty breathing coughing and sneezing hoarseness
face and body signs in daily health check
skin/color spots/rashes swelling or bruises sores discharge from nose, ears, or eyes red eyes/sensitive to light
Common signs and symptoms of children who experience illness
fever over 101 (orally) fever 100 degrees under arm vomiting change in bowel movements pain (crying, head rolling) skin marks (rash, bruises) change in stool pale sleepiness unusual breathing
what not to give if a child has diarrhea
milk
what to do if a child is vomiting
stop giving solid food and give water in 30-60 minute intervals
*stop child’s normal diet and do not give sports drinks
respiratory diseases
nose and throat
flu
strep throat
chicken pox
fecal/oral diseases
salmonella
hepatitis A
direct contact diseases
impetigo
ring worm
head lice
scabies
blood borne diseases
HIV: needles, sex, blood transfusion, open wounds
hepatitis B: mother to infant (drugs, sex)
hepatitis C: no vacine
chicken pox
fever blisters on scalp, face, and body
cold
runny nose chills lethargic watery eyes usually no fever
flu
high fever chills headache sneezing sore throat muscle pain
diarrhea
loose stools nausea vomiting stomach pains fever headache
conjunctivitis (pink eye)
red eyes
discharge
giardiasis
parasite in stool
diarrhea
weight loss
allergic reactions
rashes
swelling of throat
respiratory syncytial virus (R.S.V)
rapid breathing
wheezing
blue color around lips
lice
nits (eggs)
itchy soap
small red bumps
four methods in which diseases are transmitted
- respiratory
- Direct contact
- Fecal/ Oral
- Blood born
three ways to prevent communicable disease:
- Wash hands
- Clean/ disinfect
- Stay home when your sick
what is the universal precautions strategy
Universal precautions is a strategy which requires caregivers to treat blood or an bodily fluids of all persons as potential sources of infections. Proper hygiene and sanitary conditions are critical in communicable disease control.
how to wash your hands
Wash for 15 seconds
clean between fingers and underneath finger nails
rinse underneath warm water
dry hands and then turn water off
what is the most effective way of preventing the spread of germs and diseases in a child care setting
proper personal hygiene
what to do if a child is wheezing
assume this could be life threatening
call parents and 911
what to do if a child sneezes into a water table
- child most blow nose and wash hands
- change water and sanitize
- all other children must wash hands before and after using table
what to sanitize and for how long
sanitize toilets, drinking fountains, toys, crib rails, diapering areas
bleach on item for 10 minutes
what does the Florida Administrative Code in Chapters 65C-20 and 65c-22 state?
Programs have the right to decide whether or not to administer medication
ways to prevent poisoning
- Keep chemicals out of reach
- following safe food handling
- obey directions found on medicine label
- teach children to not place unfamiliar object near their mouth.
bacteria
Small organisms seen with an ordinary microscope. Can causes strep throat, impetigo, pink eye, and some pneumonia. Antibiotics help stop growth.
parasites
Organisms that live on or in animals and people. Common examples include pin worms, roundworms, head lice. Effective medications are available for most.
virus
Smaller than bacteria. Grow only in living cells. Can cause colds, chicken pox, measles, German measles, mumps. Antibiotics have no effect. Rest is the best action; body fights better when rested. Vaccines against common ones available.
fungi
Grows best in warm, moist places. Can causes athlete’s foot and ringworm. Effective medication is available. Medications work best when condition favorable to fungi growth are removed.
crib safety
side rails in up position
take off jewelry
slates must be 2 3/8 inches apart
rules for toy safety
make sure age appropriate
don’t use toys with strings
toys should be bigger than 1 1/4 inch
3 developments skills to eating
- mouth patterns
- suck
- rooting
- tongue reflex
- hand and body skills
- control movement of head and neck
- hands to mouth
- feeding skills or abilities
- swallow liquids
- push solids out of mouth
when to burp an infant
during middle and end of feeding
when should you prop a bottle against a child’s mouth?
never
where should you place a spoon when you feed a child solid food?
middle of child’s tongue
USDA Food Pyramid
created in 1992 and updated in 2005
5 food groups
- grain/cereals/breads (fiber) * largest serving
- vegetables (vitamins/minerals)
- fruits (vitamins/minerals)
- milk/yogurt/cheese (calcium)
- meat and beans/chicken/nuts (protein
Fats and sweets play a small role
butter/sugars/candy/cookies
My Pyramid servings
grains 6 ounces milk 3 cups meat 5 ounces vegetables 2 1/2 cups fruit 1 1/2 cups
when to clean toys, dress up clothes, and cribs
toys: after each use and daily
dress up clothes: weekly
cribs: after each use or weekly
