Child Growth and Development

Question 1

Growth

Answer 1

refers to specific changes in the body – size, weight, height, body mass – can be easily measured

Question 2

development

Answer 2

refers to an increase in complexity – it involves progression – the child acquires more refined knowledge, behavior and skills

Question 3

We define growth as specific ______changes and increases in the child’s size.

Answer 3

body

Question 4

During the first year of an infant’s life, babies can grow ____ inches in length and triple their birth weight.

Answer 4

10

Question 5

After the first year, a baby’s growth in length slows to ______ inches a year for the next two years and continues from age two or three to puberty at a rate of two to three inches each year.

Answer 5

5

Question 6

Girls generally enter puberty between ages

Answer 6

8-13

Question 7

boys generally enter puberty between ages

Answer 7

10-15

Question 8

Growth proceeds from the _____downward and from the center of the _____outward.

Answer 8

head

body

Question 9

Children gain control of the ____and____first, then the arms and finally the legs.

Answer 9

head

neck

Question 10

At birth, the brain, heart, and spinal cord are____ functioning to support the infant.

Answer 10

fully

Question 11

As children grow, the _____and______muscles develop followed by the finger and toe muscles.

Answer 11

arm

leg

Question 12

5 principles of child development

Answer 12

1. Developmental sequence is similar for all
2. Development proceeds from general to specific
3. Development is continuous
4. Development proceeds at different rates
5. All areas of development are interrelated

Question 13

Theory

Answer 13

a set of facts or principles analyzed in relation to one another and used to explain phenomena (a fact or behavior that can be observed).

Question 14

Name the 5 levels in Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 14

1. Physical
2. Comfort and Safety
3. social
4. Self esteem
5. self-actualizing

Question 15

According to Maslow, What motivates children to act the way they do?

Answer 15

needs being met

Question 16

The first 4 stages of Erikson’s development and ages

Answer 16

1. Infant (birth to 1 year) Trust vs. Mistrust
2. Toddler 1-3 Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
3. Preschool 4-5 Initiative vs. Guilt
4. Grade School 6-12 Industry vs. Inferiority

Question 17

Jean Piaget is most known for his work on the psychology of ______

Answer 17

intelligence

Question 18

Piaget was interested in learning how children develop an ______of the world.

Answer 18

intellectual understanding

Question 19

Piaget’s theory is based on the concept of ______ structures.

Answer 19

cognitive

Question 20

According to Piaget, children develop the ability to learn in _____basic stages. In each stage, development focuses around acquiring a different set of related_________
and _______.

Answer 20

4
characteristics
abilities

Question 21

Jean Piaget’s 4 stages of cognitive development

Answer 21

1. sensorimotor (0-2) : explores the world through senses and motor skills
2. Preoperational (3-7): preschoolers and early school age children learn about their world through their actions
3. Concrete-operational (7-11) : older school age children learn about their world by applying logic
4. formal operational )11+: early high school children learn about their world by constructing and solving problems

Question 22

Vygotsky developed the ________theory of learning

Answer 22

social development

Question 23

children acquire _______through culture

Answer 23

knowledge

Question 24

Children learn through ________experiences shared with a knowledgeable adult or peer. Initially, the person interacting with the child assumes more responsibility for guiding the learning. As the child learns, the responsibility is gradually transferred to him. This is an instructional technique called _______
.

Answer 24

problem-solving

scaffolding

Question 25

A child can perform a task under adult guidance or with peer___________ that could
not be achieved alone. Vygotsky called this the_________ and claimed that learning occurred in this zone.

Answer 25

collaboration

sone of proximal development

Question 26

4 main strategies for successful reciprocal teaching:

Answer 26

1. generating questions for understanding
2. clarifying that they are understanding what they are reading
3. Stopping to predict from clues what they think will happen in the learning material
4. summarizing what they have read

Question 27

5 areas of environment that affect a child’s development

Answer 27

1. nutrition
2. exercise levels
3. daily routines in physical activities
4. daily routines in learning
5. relationships with family and friends

Question 28

Children’s development progresses in “ .”

Answer 28

fits and starts

Question 29

Remember, it is the_______ of growth and development, not the age that is the important factor in evaluating a child’s progress.

Answer 29

sequences

Question 30

__________control most of a newborn child’s movements, while an eight- month old may already be pulling up on furniture and taking his first deliberate steps.

Answer 30

reflexes

Question 31

physical health domain: 8-18 months

Answer 31

discovery and exploration take center stage

Question 32

physical health domain: 18-36 months

Answer 32

They become more confident when they can wash and dry their own hands, feed themselves without help and
ride a tricycle

Question 33

physical health domain: 3-5 months

Answer 33

can do most things independently

Question 34

the Social & Emotional Domain is linked to the development of the _____

Answer 34

intellect

Question 35

__________refers to a child’s eagerness to learn. It includes curiosity, persistence, creative problem solving and the ability to create and complete long-term projects.

Answer 35

Approaches to learning

Question 36

_______refers to the child’s ability to communicate with others. It involves a child’s ability to see, hear, speak, read and write and construct an understanding of things around them.

Answer 36

language and communication

Question 37

__________refers to the child’s intellectual or mental abilities. It involves exploration, discovery, concept and memory formation, problem solving and creative expression. It includes knowledge of mathematics, scientific thinking, awareness of social studies and the arts.

Answer 37

cognitive development and general knowledge

Question 38

As we assist children in their learning process, we should encourage them to make sense of their environment. They need to:

Answer 38

1. Observe and investigate (curiosity and eagerness)
2. Record and represent (persistence)
3. explain and draw conclusions (creativity and inventiveness)

Question 39

Q. How can you support children that need to practice attending to activities for longer and longer periods of time?

Answer 39

Set a timer for an activity
Make sure it is an appropriate amount of time for the age range
Encourage children to work until timer goes off
Praise their persistence

Question 40

Approaches to learning requires child care professionals to be alert to to __________“seize the moment” when observing children demonstrating persistence, intellectual curiosity and creativity.

Answer 40

opportunities

Question 41

Young infants are able to see at a distance of approximately _____inches. Objects held at this distance are most clear. Since this is the distance you typically hold or feed a young infant, your face is one of the objects that an infant will see.

Answer 41

8-15

Question 42

At months, a child’s receptive vocabulary, the words he understands, contains about _____ words.

Answer 42

300

Question 43

3 elements needed for developmentally appropriate programs

Answer 43

1. nurturing relationships
2. meaningful experiences
3. active learning

Question 44

When considering how to work with children with special needs or children from a different culture, it is important to follow the -A’s:

Answer 44

awareness
acceptance
appreciation