Health-Related Flashcards
What is aerobic power?
The ability to take up and supply oxygen to the muscles in order to sustain exercise
What are the factors which affect aerobic power?
Gender, age, genetics and training
How does gender affect aerobic power?
Males have a greater aerobic power, larger hearts lungs and blood volumes than females
How does age affect aerobic power?
VO2 maximum peaks at around 25 years of age and declines by 1% per year
How does training affect aerobic power?
Athletes are able to increase stroke volume, cardiac output, blood volume and lactate inflection point with training
What is body composition?
The ratio of fat-free mass to fat mass
What are three main body types?
Ectomorphs, mesomorphs and endomorphs
What are the physical features of ectomorphs?
They are thin with little to no muscle or fat
What are the physical features of mesomorphs?
They are a medium build and fairly muscular
What are the physical features of an endomorph?
They are a large build and mostly fat
What are the factors which affect body composition?
Age, gender, fibre type, genetics and energy intake
How does age affect body composition?
After 40 years of age, people’s metabolism slows down
How does gender affect body composition?
The average male body fat is 15%, whereas the average female body fat is 25%
How does fibre type affect body composition?
People with a higher percentage of fast twitch fibres have a lower percentage of body fat
What is flexibility?
The ability of a joint to move through its full range of motion
What are the factors which affect flexibility?
Joint structure, age, gender, temperature and training
How does age affect flexibility?
Flexibility tends to be greatest at ages 8-10
How does joint structure affect flexibility?
Ball and socket joints have the greatest flexibility
How does temperature and training affect flexibility?
Warming-up and warm air conditions contribute to increased flexibility
What is muscular strength?
The force or tension a muscle can exert against a resistance in one maximal contraction
What is 1RM?
One repetition maximum applied over a couple of seconds
What are the factors which affect muscular strength?
Age, gender, fibre type and fibre recruitment
How does age affect muscular strength?
Muscular strength peaks between 25-30 years of age and declines by 1% per year
How does gender affect muscular strength?
Males have a greater muscle mass than females due to testosterone levels
How does fibre type affect muscular strength?
Fast twitch fibres can generate more strength than slow twitch fibres, because they have greater diameters
What is muscular endurance?
The ability of a muscle to continue sustained contractions
What are the factors affecting muscular endurance?
Blood flow, training, muscular strength and age
How does muscular strength affect muscular endurance?
Greater amounts of muscular strength will lead to greater muscular endurance
How does blood flow affect muscular endurance?
If arteries and veins become blocked, than fatigue will occur
How does age affect muscular endurance?
It tends to peak between 25-30 years, and declines by 1% per year
