Health Psychology - Self-regulation and Self-management

Question 1

Self-regulation

Definition

Answer 1

Efforts of human to alter thought away from short term temptations towards longer term goals

Helps to cope with illness/ disease

Question 2

3 concepts in self-regulation

Answer 2

1. Self-monitoring
2. Self-evaluation
3. Self-reaction

Question 3

Self monitoring?

Answer 3

“What am I doing?”

Question 4

Self-evaluation?

Answer 4

“How am I doing relative to my goals?”

Question 5

Self-reaction?

Answer 5

“How do I think and feel about how I am doing?”

Question 6

What are the phases in self-regulation?

Answer 6

1. Goal selection and goal setting
2. Active goal persuit
3. Goal attainment and maintenence

Question 7

Phase 1:

Self-regulation

Answer 7

“What do you want to change?”
“What do you want to achieve?”

Influenced by:
* Traditional determinants
* Illness cognitions

Includes: Goal setting and Action plans

Question 8

Phase 2:

Self-regulation

Answer 8

• Cognitive processes (think)
• Affective processes (feel)

Question 9

Phase 3:

self-regulation

Answer 9

• Short- and longterm goals
• Goal disengagement

Question 10

Goal setting theory

Answer 10

• Goals motivate
• Increases quantity/ quality of performance
• Directs attention and allocation of cognitive resources
• Mobalizes effort
• Help develop strategies for goal achievement
• Helps people to continue effort

Question 11

Goals must be

Answer 11

• Specific & measurable
• Difficult & challenging (but realistic)
• In near proximity (not to far away)
• A participative process (between caregiver and patient)

+ Objective and timely feedback on progress is necessary

Question 12

Intervention with respect to goal setting:

Answer 12

• Explore risk perception
• Perceived cost and benefit of target behavior
• Perceived social support
• Patient’s competence to carry out recommended behavior

Interventions could also explore illness cognitions and target inaccurate illness perceptions

Question 13

Action plans

Definition

Answer 13

Specific plans of action, which specify when, where and how to act

“If situation X arises, I will perform Y”

Question 14

If-then (actions plans)

Answer 14

= Automatic cue-response links

• If = cue function
• Then = Action function

Question 15

Intervention with respect to active goal persuit:

Answer 15

• Help to monitor behavior and emotions that facilitate or hinder effective action
• Encourage the patient to use self-incentives when progress is made
• Teach skills to control negative mood
• Reassure that relapse is not a failure (and how to cope with relapse)

Question 16

Goals disengagement

When?

Answer 16

When a goal is too difficult or a person lacks motivation, it is better to give up.

= better for mental health to consiously disengage

Question 17

Interventions with respect to goal disengagement:

Answer 17

• Discuss satisfation with outcomes
• Help to reformulate a goal in a more managable way if unattainable in present form

Question 18

Self-management

Definition

Answer 18

The ablility of the individual to cope with symptoms, treatment, physcial and social consequenses of chronic illness and related changes in lifestyle

Question 19

Self-management leads to..

Answer 19

a patient’s ability to monitor her/ her health and to show cognitive, bahavioral and emotional reactions that contribute to a satisfying quality of life

Incorporates physical and social management

Question 20

Difference self-regulation and self-management

Answer 20

Self-regulation = The process of goal -selection, -persuit and -maintenance

Self-management = About taking control over your own disease

Question 21

Core skills self-management

Answer 21

1. Problem solving
2. Desicion making
3. Resouce utilization
4. Forming relationships with health care providers
5. Taking action

Question 22

Self-management skills lead to

Answer 22

Improved:
* Adherence
* Communication
* Quality of life
* Emotional well-being
* Feeling in control
* Self-efficacy

Reduced:
* Hospitalizations
* Emergency department visits

Question 23

Examples of possible elements of self-management intervetions

Answer 23

• Educate people about their disease
• Privide information
• Shared dicision making
• Help people monitor symptoms and take appropriate action
• Training (relaxation, mindfulness, stress-management)
• Problem solving techniques
• Increasing self-efficacy
• Increasing motivation
• Goal setting components (action-plans) and follow up