Health Psychology - Self-regulation and Self-management Flashcards
Self-regulation
Definition
Efforts of human to alter thought away from short term temptations towards longer term goals
Helps to cope with illness/ disease
3 concepts in self-regulation
- Self-monitoring
- Self-evaluation
- Self-reaction
Self monitoring?
“What am I doing?”
Self-evaluation?
“How am I doing relative to my goals?”
Self-reaction?
“How do I think and feel about how I am doing?”
What are the phases in self-regulation?
- Goal selection and goal setting
- Active goal persuit
- Goal attainment and maintenence
Phase 1:
Self-regulation
“What do you want to change?”
“What do you want to achieve?”
Influenced by:
* Traditional determinants
* Illness cognitions
Includes: Goal setting and Action plans
Phase 2:
Self-regulation
- Cognitive processes (think)
- Affective processes (feel)
Phase 3:
self-regulation
- Short- and longterm goals
- Goal disengagement
Goal setting theory
- Goals motivate
- Increases quantity/ quality of performance
- Directs attention and allocation of cognitive resources
- Mobalizes effort
- Help develop strategies for goal achievement
- Helps people to continue effort
Goals must be
- Specific & measurable
- Difficult & challenging (but realistic)
- In near proximity (not to far away)
- A participative process (between caregiver and patient)
+ Objective and timely feedback on progress is necessary
Intervention with respect to goal setting:
- Explore risk perception
- Perceived cost and benefit of target behavior
- Perceived social support
- Patient’s competence to carry out recommended behavior
Interventions could also explore illness cognitions and target inaccurate illness perceptions
Action plans
Definition
Specific plans of action, which specify when, where and how to act
“If situation X arises, I will perform Y”
If-then (actions plans)
= Automatic cue-response links
- If = cue function
- Then = Action function
Intervention with respect to active goal persuit:
- Help to monitor behavior and emotions that facilitate or hinder effective action
- Encourage the patient to use self-incentives when progress is made
- Teach skills to control negative mood
- Reassure that relapse is not a failure (and how to cope with relapse)
Goals disengagement
When?
When a goal is too difficult or a person lacks motivation, it is better to give up.
= better for mental health to consiously disengage
Interventions with respect to goal disengagement:
- Discuss satisfation with outcomes
- Help to reformulate a goal in a more managable way if unattainable in present form
Self-management
Definition
The ablility of the individual to cope with symptoms, treatment, physcial and social consequenses of chronic illness and related changes in lifestyle
Self-management leads to..
a patient’s ability to monitor her/ her health and to show cognitive, bahavioral and emotional reactions that contribute to a satisfying quality of life
Incorporates physical and social management
Difference self-regulation and self-management
Self-regulation = The process of goal -selection, -persuit and -maintenance
Self-management = About taking control over your own disease
Core skills self-management
- Problem solving
- Desicion making
- Resouce utilization
- Forming relationships with health care providers
- Taking action
Self-management skills lead to
Improved:
* Adherence
* Communication
* Quality of life
* Emotional well-being
* Feeling in control
* Self-efficacy
Reduced:
* Hospitalizations
* Emergency department visits
Examples of possible elements of self-management intervetions
- Educate people about their disease
- Privide information
- Shared dicision making
- Help people monitor symptoms and take appropriate action
- Training (relaxation, mindfulness, stress-management)
- Problem solving techniques
- Increasing self-efficacy
- Increasing motivation
- Goal setting components (action-plans) and follow up
