Health psychology, behaviour change and smoking cessation

Question 1

What is health behaviour?

Answer 1

A behaviour aimed to prevent a disease (e.g. eating healthily)

Question 2

What is an illness behaviour?

Answer 2

A behaviour aimed to seek remedy (e.g. going to a doctor)

Question 3

What is sick role behaviour?

Answer 3

Any activity aimed at getting well (e.g. taking prescribed meds)

Question 4

What is the theory of planned behaviour?

Answer 4

Proposes that best predictor of behaviour is ‘intention’.

Question 5

What 3 components determine what someones intention is?

Answer 5

• Attitude
• Subjective norms
• Perceived behavioural control

Question 6

What criticisms can be made surrounding theory of planned behaviour?

Answer 6

• Lack of temporal element

- Lack of direction/causality

Question 7

What are the 5 stages of change (Transtheoretical mode)?

Answer 7

1) Pre-contemplation
2) Contemplation
3) Preparation
4) Action
5) Maintenance

Question 8

What approach can be done to initiate change?

Answer 8

Motivational interviewing

Question 9

What behaviour change theory uses the environment to change health behaviours?

Answer 9

Nude theory e.g. placing fruit next to checkouts

Question 10

What, in terms of points in time, can help someone to change their health behaviour?

Answer 10

Transition points:

• leaving school
• Entering the workforce
• Becoming a parent
  etc. ..

Question 11

What does the National Centre of Smoking Cessation & Training (NCSCT) provide?

Answer 11

• Training and assessment programmes
• Support services for providers
• Conducts research

Question 12

Who should you contact if you identify a notifiable disease?

Answer 12

The proper officer of local authority. Through writing in 3 days or orally ASAP if it is urgent (writing in 7 days if it is lab report).

Question 13

List 3 roles which should be performed to to help monitor/reduce communicable diseases:

Answer 13

• Surveillance - monitor any communicable diseases
• Prevention - e.g. immunisation
• Control - what happens when routine cases and out-breaks occur

Question 14

How does one manage an outbreak?

Answer 14

1) Diagnosis
2) Decide if outbreak (2 or more related cases)
3) Get help
4) Outbreak meeting
5) Identify cause
6) Start control measure

Question 15

What routes of spread are present in communicable diseases?

Answer 15

• Foodborne
• Faecal-oral spread
• Respiratory
• Direct physical contact (contagion)
• Acquired from animals - zoonoses

Question 16

Give 3 advantage of the transtheoretical model:

Answer 16

• Acknowledges individual stages
• Accounts for relapse
• Temporal element

Question 17

Give 3 negatives of the transtheoretical model:

Answer 17

• Does not take into account beliefs

- Not a one way track

Question 18

What theory of behavioural change operates of the basis that people are herd animals?

Answer 18

Social norms (e.g. recycling)

Question 19

In the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), what converts intention in behaviour? (5)

Answer 19

• Perceived control (previous success)
• Anticipated regret
• Preparatory actions
• Implementation intentions
• Relevance to self

Question 20

What 4 principles compose the health belief model?

Answer 20

(Becker 1974)

• Perceived susceptibility
• Perceived severity
• Perceived benefits
• Perceived barriers (most important)

Question 21

What is one benefit of the health belief model (HBM)?

Answer 21

Taking into account demographics and psychological factors

Question 22

What are two negatives of the health beliefs model?

Answer 22

• Does not take into account emotion

- Does not differentiate between first time and repeat behaviours

Question 23

What cues to action can be used in the health belief model?

Answer 23

• Internal - feeling ill/pain

- External - walking past GP practice

Question 24

Give an example of use of health belief model:

Answer 24

Breast self-examination

Question 25

Give an example of theory of planned behaviour:

Answer 25

Smoking-cessation