Abuse/evaluation/other bits:

Question 1

What are the 5 types of abuse?

Answer 1

• Psychological
• Physical
• Sexual
• Financial
• Emotional

Question 2

List 3 issues caused by abuse:

Answer 2

• Traumatic injuries
• Chronic illness
• Psychological - PTSD
• Child abuse

Question 3

What are Maxwells Dimensions of Quality?

Answer 3

(3Es and 3As):

• Effectiveness
• Efficiency
• Equity
• Acceptability
• Accessibility
• Appropriateness

Question 4

Give 2 methods of qualitatively and quantitatively evaluating something:

Answer 4

Qualitatively:
- Interviews
- Observation 
Quantitative:
- Routinely collected data
- Studies

Question 5

What is Gillick Competency?

Answer 5

Children under the age of 16 can consent to medical treatment if they have sufficient maturity and judgement to enable them to fully understand what is proposed.

Question 6

What are the 5 principles that have to be considered in the Fraser guidelines?

Answer 6

1) Understands advice
2) Cannot be persuaded to tell parents that they are seeking advice
3) Very likely to continue sex
4) Unless they receive contraception - physical/mental health at risk
5) Best interests

Question 7

What is lack of capacity?

Answer 7

A person lacks capacity in relation to a matter if at the material time he is unable to make a decision for themselves in relation to the matter because of an impairment of, or a disturbance in the functioning of, the mind or brain.

Question 8

Give 4 reasons for lack of capacity:

Answer 8

• 16 or younger
• LD
• Mental disorder
• Unconsciousness

Question 9

Give the hierarchy of decision making in descending order:

Answer 9

1) Advanced decision
2) Lasting power of attorney
3) Court of protection
4) Doctors - best interest

Question 10

What is a meta analysis?

Answer 10

Compilation of several studies, statistical methods used to analyse and summarise results.

Question 11

What is a systematic review?

Answer 11

Review of clearly formulated question. relevant research is identified, selected and critically appraised by structured methods

Question 12

Give 2 reasons why people engage in risk behaviours:

Answer 12

• Inaccurate perceptions of risk

- Susceptibility

Question 13

What are the 4 principles of medical ethics?

Answer 13

• Autonomy
• Beneficence
• Non-malificence
• Justice

Question 14

What is consequentialism?

Answer 14

Consequences of the act determine its importance

Question 15

What is deontology?

Answer 15

Features of the act determine its worthiness

Question 16

What is virtue?

Answer 16

Determined by the character of a person - a person with good character will act virtuously.

Question 17

What is duty of candour?

Answer 17

You must be open and honest with patient if things go wrong.

Question 18

What is equity?

Answer 18

What is fair and just

Question 19

What is equality?

Answer 19

Equal shares

Question 20

What is horizontal equity?

Answer 20

Equal treatment for equal need (e.g. pneumonia patients all receive equal treatment)

Question 21

What is vertical equity?

Answer 21

Unequal treatment for unequal need (e.g. common cold vs. pneumonia = different treatment. Poorer health areas need more expenditure on health services than effluent health areas).

Question 22

What is rule of rescue?

Answer 22

Ethical imperative to save individual lives even when money might be more efficiently spent to prevent deaths in the larger population

Question 23

What is sustainable medical practice?

Answer 23

Obligation to help others in need regardless of why they are there in the first place, provided that helping would not impose unacceptable sacrifices on others.