Health psychology and behavioural change - 2 Flashcards
What are the 4 criteria of the Health Belief Model?
Individuals will change if: 1) Believe they are susceptible to the condition in question (e.g. heart disease) 2) Believe that taking action reduces susceptibility 3) Believe that it has serious consequences 4) Believe that the benefits of taking action outweigh the costs
What is the theory of planned behaviour?
Proposes the best predictor of behaviour is ‘intention’
What determines intention in theory of planned behaviour?
Mnemonic: PSA
Perceived behavioural control
- A persons appraisal of their ability to perform the behaviour, or their perceived behavioural control
Subjective norm
-The perceived social pressure to undertake the behaviour, or subjective norm
Attitude
- A persons attitude to the behaviour
Give 3 theories and models explaining health behaviour change
Health Belief Model
Theory of planned behaviour
Transtheoretical model
Any other theories and models explaining health behaviour change?
Social norms theory Motivational interviewing Social marketing Nudging (choice architecture) Financial incentives
In the context of the health belief model, what are cues? What are the two types of cues? Give an example of each
Health belief model - cues are necessary to promote engagement in health-promoting behaviours
Internal and external cues:
- Internal - physiological cues i.e pain/symptoms
- External - Information from friends, health scare events which have happened to friends, information from close others
Give some criticisms of the health belief model?
• Alternative factors may predict health behaviour, such as outcome expectancy (whether the person feels they will be healthier as a result of their behaviour) and self-efficacy (the person’s belief in their ability to carry out preventative behaviour) • As a cognitively based model, HBM does not consider the influence of emotions on behaviour • HBM does not differentiate between first time and repeat behaviour • Cues to action are often missing in HBM research
According to the health belief model, what is the most important factor for addressing behaviour change in patients?
Perceived barriers
Apply the theory of planned behaviour with regards to smoking?
Attitude – I do not think smoking is a good thing Subjective Norm – most people who are important to me want me to give up smoking Perceived Behavioural Control – I believe I have the ability to give up smoking Behavioural Intention – I intend to give up smoking
How to bridge the intention-behaviour gap in the theory of planned behaviour?
Perceived control Anticipated regret Preparatory actions Implementation intentions Relevance to self
What are some criticisms of the theory of planned behaviour?
Lack of a temporal element Does not take into account emotions Does know explain how attitudes, intention and perceived behavioural control interact Assumes that attitudes, subjective norms can be measured Relies on self-reported behaviour
What are the 5 stages of the transtheoretical model and elaborate on them? Put context to them.
Pre-contemplation – no intention of giving up smoking Contemplation – thinking of giving up smoking some time in the future Preparation – make concrete plans on how to stop smoking in the future i.e going to attend smoking cessation service Action - engaged in giving up smoking i.e on Tx for it Maintenance/Relapse - steady non-smoker
Advantages of transtheoretical model?
Acknowledges individual stages of readiness (tailored interventions) Accounts for relapse Temporal element (although arbitrary)
Criticisms of transtheoretical model?
Change between stages take place on a continuum not discrete stages Some people miss out stages entirely and movement between stages not always unidirectional Does not take into account value, habits, culture, social and economic factors
What are the transition points proposed by NICE which should be subject to interventions to change people’s behaviour?
Leaving school Entering the workforce Becoming a parent Becoming unemployed Retirement and bereavement
