Applied epidemiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the prevention paradox?

A

A preventive measure which brings much benefit to the population but little benefit to the individual

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2
Q

Two approaches for prevention paradox and give examples of each.

Which approach is best to address prevention paradox?

A

Population approach - dietary salt reduction through legislation/getting everyone to wear seatbelts

High-risk approach - screening for people with high blood pressure and treating them/prescribing statins for at risk patients

High-risk approach best to address prevention paradox

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3
Q

Identify and present numerical measures of association in written communication

A

i.e Absolute risk reduction is _ % reduction vs relative risk

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4
Q

Discuss the prevention paradox including using numbers to illustrate the paradox –>
Effectiveness of statins in reducing CVD risk
Relative risk 0.75 (95%CI 0.70-0.81)
Assume absolute risk of CVD for all people
needing statins is 10% within next 10 years
How many of the 4 mil people currently on statins
will be prevented from developing CVD?
What is the NNT?

A

4 mil –> 10% = 400,000

1/4 x 400,000 = 100,000 prevented

NNT = 1/ARR = 1/(0.25x0.10) = 40 people needed to treat to save 1 person from CVD

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