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ESA 3 > Health Psych Session 1- Stress, Coping & Therapies > Flashcards

Health Psych Session 1- Stress, Coping & Therapies Flashcards

1
Q

What is the biopsychosocial model?

A

A more complete model of health and illness including physical, mental and social circumstances

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2
Q

Name some of the physiological responses to a stressful event

A 
Increased oxygen availability
Increase fuel availability
Preparation for tissue damage/fatigue
Enhanced mental functioning
Conservation of energy resources
Enhanced physical functioning
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3
Q

Describe the relationship between stress and performance

A

Performance increases with stress but after a certain point begins to decrease back to zero

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4
Q

What are the 3 steps of the long term stress response and describe them

A
  1. Alarm- 1st response to stress but body cannot retain this
  2. Resistance- body tries to combat high levels of stress causing weight loss and fatigue
  3. Exhaustion- physically and emotionally depleted
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5
Q

Describe the process of appraisal

A

Primary appraisal- is this event a threat? How bad could it be?
Secondary appraisal- do I have the resources or skills to cope?
Reappraisal- reconsider the situation after trying to cope with it

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6
Q

Name the 2 most important factors that influence the effect of stress

A

Control- more control=less stress

Social support- buffer against stress

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7
Q

Name some of the cognitive distortions that present with stress

A

Overgeneralisation
Catastrophising
Personalisation

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8
Q

Name the 4 main ways stress can impact on health

A

Direct physical
Immunosuppression
Unhealthy behaviours
Mental health

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9
Q

What are the 2 main coping styles?

A

Emotion focussed

Problem focussed

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10
Q

Describe emotion focussed coping

A

Changing the emotion by either doing something or changing how you think about the situation

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11
Q

Describe problem focussed coping

A

Changing the problem or your resources by reducing the demands of the stressful situation or expanding resources to deal with it

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12
Q

Name the 3 main ways to aid coping

A

Increase/mobilise social support
Increase personal control
Prepare patients for stressful events (reduce ambiguity and uncertainty)

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13
Q

What are the outcomes of successful coping?

A

Tolerating or adjusting to negative events or realities
Reducing threats and enhancing prospects of recovery, preparing for the future
Maintaining a positive self image
Maintaining emotional equilibrium
Continuing satisfying relationships with others

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14
Q

Name the 2 most common emotional responses to chronic illness

A

Depression

Anxiety

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15
Q

What is anxiety a response to?

A

Threat

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16
Q

What is sustained anxiety associated with?

A

Unhelpful thinking patterns
Physiological effects
Anxiety disorder (e.g. Phobia, panic attack, PTSD)

17
Q

What is depression a response to?

A

Loss, failure or helplessness

18
Q

What are the characteristics of the emotional state of depression?

A 
Persistent low mood
Sadness
Loss of interest
Despair
Feelings of worthlessness
19
Q

What factors make you at higher risk of depression?

A

Illness that is severe, painful or disabling
Negative life events
Lack resources to cope

20
Q

Name the 3 main barriers to recognising psychological problems

A

Symptoms may be inadvertently missed
Patients may not disclose symptoms
HCPs may avoid asking

21
Q

What is the difference between classical and operant conditioning

A

Classical conditioning pairs two stimuli but operant conditioning pairs behaviour and response

22
Q

Describe the 3 types of framework for psychological therapies

A

A- psychological treatment as an integral part of mental health care
B- eclectic psychological therapy and counselling
C- formal psychotherapies

23
Q

What are the 3 main types of psychological therapies?

A

Cognitive-behaviour therapy (CBT)
Psychoanalytic/psychodynamic therapies
Systemic and family therapy

24
Q

Describe CBT

A

Combination of cognitive and behavioural therapy

Relieves symptoms by changing maladaptive thoughts, beliefs and behaviour

25
Q

What behavioural techniques are used in CBT?

A

Graded exposure to feared situations
Activity scheduling
Reinforcement

26
Q

What cognitive techniques are used in CBT?

A

Education
Monitoring of thoughts, behaviours, feelings, contexts, to develop awareness of their inter-relationship
Examining/challenging negative thoughts
Behavioural experiments
Cognitive rehearsal of coping with difficult situations

27
Q

What is CBT used for?

A

Depression
Anxiety states
Eating disorders
Sexual dysfunction

28
Q

What makes you a suitable patient for CBT?

A

Keen to be active participants
Can engage collaboratively
Can accept a model emphasising thoughts/feelings
Able to articulate problems and actively seeking solutions

29
Q

What are the limitations of CBT?

A

Findings of efficacy usually derived from homogeneous populations with limited co-morbidity
Delivered by expert practitioners
Circumscribed benefits where problem complex and diffuse

30
Q

Describe the 2 types of psychoanalytic/dynamic therapies

A

Focal- ID conflicts arising from early experience that are reenact end in adult life
Analytic- allow unconscious conflicts to be reenacted and interpreted in relationship with therapist

31
Q

What techniques are used in psychodynamic therapy?

A

Resolve the unconscious conflicts that underlie symptoms
Explore feelings using experience of therapist and relationship
Enhance insight of difficulties and help incorporate painful previous experiences

32
Q

Who is psychodynamic therapy suitable for?

A

People with interpersonal difficulties and personality problems
Requires capacity to tolerate mental/emotional pain and interest in self-exploration

33
Q

Describe systemic and family therapy

A

Focus on relational context, address patterns of interaction and meaning
Aim to facilitate resources within the system as a whole

34
Q

Who is systemic/family therapy suitable for?

A 
Mild-moderate difficulties related to life events, sub clinical depression, mild anxiety/stress, marital/relationship difficulties
Recent onset (<1 year)
35
Q

How do you decide which type of therapy to use?

A

Depends on both problem and patient

ESA 3 (18 decks)

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