Health Psych Final

Question 1

Pain

Answer 1

An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage.

Question 2

Clinical Pain

Answer 2

Pain that requires medical treatment

Question 3

Acute Pain

Answer 3

sharp stinging pain that is short-lived and usually related to tissue damage

Question 4

Chronic Pain

Answer 4

Dull, burning pain that is long lasting.

May be continuous or intermittent, moderate or severe and felt in any part of the body’s tissue

Question 5

Reccurent Pain

Answer 5

Episodes of discomfort interspersed with periods in which the individual is relatively pain free, that recur for more than three months

Question 6

Electromyography (EMG)

Answer 6

Assesses the amount of muscle tensions experienced by pain sufferers

Question 7

Pain behavior scale

Answer 7

Target behaviors include vocal complaints, facial grimaces, awkward postures, and mobility

Question 8

Melzacks dimensions of pain

Proposed Gate Control Theory

Answer 8

The gate control theory of pain asserts that non-painful input closes the “gates” to painful input, which prevents pain sensation from traveling to the central nervous system. Therefore, stimulation by non-noxious input is able to suppress pain.

Question 9

Pain receptors

Answer 9

Free nerve endings: sensory receptors found throughout the body that respond to temperature, pressure, and painful stimuli

Nociceptors: specialized neurons that respond to painful stimuli

Question 10

Fast nerve fibers

Answer 10

Large myelinated nerve fibers that transmit sharp, stinging pain.
The basis of the fast pain system servicing the skin and mucous membranes

Question 11

Slow nerve fibers

Answer 11

Small, unmyelinated nerve fibers that carry dull, aching pain.
The basis of the slow pain system servicing all the body tissues except the brain

Question 12

Substantia Gelatinosa

Answer 12

The dorsal region of the spinal cord where both fast and slow pain fibers synapse with sensory nerves on their way to the brain.

Question 13

Referred pain

Answer 13

Pain in an area of the body that is sensitive to pain but caused by disease or injury in an area that has few pain receptors.

Question 14

Substance P

Answer 14

Neurotransmitter secreted by pain fibers in the spinal cord that stimulate the ransmossion cells to send pain signals to the brain.

Question 15

Glutamate

Answer 15

Continuously stimulates nerve endings at the site of an injury and within the spinal cord, increasing pain messages.

Question 16

Endorphins

Answer 16

any of a group of hormones secreted within the brain and nervous system and having a number of physiological functions. They are peptides that activate the body’s opiate receptors, causing an analgesic effect. Morphine within

Question 17

Enkephalins

Answer 17

Endogenous opiods found in nerve endings of cells in the brain and spinal cord that bind to opiod receptors.

Question 18

Periaqueductal gray (PAG) region

Answer 18

region of the midbrain that plays an important role in the perception of pain. Activates a descending neural pathway that uses serotonin to close the pain gate.

Question 19

Stress-induced anaglesia

Answer 19

Stress-related increase in tolerance of pain, presumably mediated by the body’s endorphin system (morphine within)

Question 20

Hysteria

Answer 20

tendency to exaggerate symptoms and use emotional behavior to solve problems

Question 21

Hypochondriasis

Answer 21

tendency to be overly concerned about health and to over-report body symptoms.

Question 22

Repetitive strain injury

Answer 22

Occupational disorder first noted in 1980s among keyboard operators and computer.

Question 23

Opiod Anaglesics

Answer 23

Agonists (excitatory chemicals) act on receptors in the brain and spinal cord to reduce.

Question 24

Nonopioid analgesics

Answer 24

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Aspirin, ibuprofen, acetaminophen, and other drugs that relieve pain and reduce inflammation at the site of injured tissue.

Question 25

Counterirritation

Answer 25

analgesia in which one pain is relieved by creating another counteracting stimulus

Question 26

Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS)

Answer 26

counterirritation form of analgesia involving electrically stimulating spinal nerves near a painful area.

Question 27

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for pain

Answer 27

Cognitive reappraisal - identify negative thoughts and try to modify them

Question 28

Cognitive errors among pain patients

Answer 28

Behavioral interventions - begin by identifying the events that precede pain behaviors as well as the consequences that follow reinforcers.

Question 29

Lamaze Training

Answer 29

Increase mother’s confidence in her ability to give birth.

Question 30

Evidence based medicine

Answer 30

Promotes the collection, interpretation and integration of the best research-based evidence in making decisions about the care of individuals patients.

Question 31

Holistic medicine

Answer 31

considers not only physical health but also the emotional, spiritual, social, psychological well-being