Health psy: mod 3 terms

Question 1

Angina pectoris

Answer 1

a disorder involving a restricted blood supply to the myocardium, which results in chest pain and restricted breathing

Question 2

Arteries

Answer 2

vessels carrying blood away from the heart

Question 3

Arterioles

Answer 3

small branches of an artery

Question 4

Arteriosclerosis

Answer 4

a condition marked by loss of elasticity and hardening of arteries

Question 5

Atheromatous plaques

Answer 5

deposits of cholesterol and other lipids, connective tissue, and muscle tissue

Question 6

Atherosclerosis

Answer 6

the formation of plaque within the arteries

Question 7

Capillaries

Answer 7

very small vessels that connect arteries and veins

Question 8

Cardiac rehabilitation

Answer 8

a complex of approaches designed to restore heart patients to cardiovascular health

Question 9

Cardiologists

Answer 9

medical doctors who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of heart disease

Question 10

Cardiovascular disease (CVD)

Answer 10

disorders of the circulatory system, including coronary artery disease and stroke

Question 11

Cardiovascular reactivity (CVR)

Answer 11

an increase in blood pressure and heart rate as a reaction to frustration or harassment

Question 12

Cardiovascular system

Answer 12

the system of the body that includes the heart, arteries, and veins

Question 13

Coronary artery disease (CAD)

Answer 13

a disorder of the myocardium arising from atherosclerosis and/or arteriosclerosis

Question 14

Diastolic pressure

Answer 14

a measure of blood pressure between contractions of the heart

Question 15

Essential hypertension

Answer 15

elevations of blood pressure that have no known cause

Question 16

High-density lipoprotein (HDL)

Answer 16

a form of lipoprotein that confers some protection against coronary artery disease

Question 17

Hypertension

Answer 17

abnormally high blood pressure, with either a systolic reading in excess of 160 or a diastolic reading in excess of 105

Question 18

Ischemia

Answer 18

restriction of blood flow to tissue or organs; often used with reference to the heart

Question 19

Lipoproteins

Answer 19

substances in the blood consisting of lipid and protein

Question 20

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)

Answer 20

a form of lipoprotein found to be positively related to coronary artery disease

Question 21

Myocardial infarction

Answer 21

heart attack

Question 22

Myocardium

Answer 22

the heart muscle

Question 23

Optimistic bias

Answer 23

the belief that other people, but not oneself, will develop a disease, have an accident, or experience other negative events

Question 24

Systolic pressure

Answer 24

a measure of blood pressure generated by the heart’s contraction

Question 25

Triglycerides

Answer 25

a group of molecules consisting of glycerol and three fatty acids; one of the components of serum lipids that has been implicated in the formation of atherosclerotic plaque

Question 26

Veins

Answer 26

vessels that carry blood to the heart

Question 27

Venules

Answer 27

the smallest veins

Question 28

Benign

Answer 28

limited in cell growth to a single tumor

Question 29

Beta-carotene

Answer 29

a form of vitamin A found in abundance in vegetables such as carrots and sweet potatoes

Question 30

Cancer

Answer 30

a group of diseases characterized by the presence of new cells that grow and spread beyond control

Question 31

Carcinogenic

Answer 31

cancer-inducing

Question 32

Carcinomas

Answer 32

cancers of the epithelial tissues

Question 33

Kaposi’s sarcoma

Answer 33

a malignancy characterized by multiple soft, dark blue or purple nodules on the skin, with hemorrhages

Question 34

Leukemias

Answer 34

cancers originating in blood or blood-producing cells

Question 35

Lymphoma

Answer 35

cancer of the lymphoid tissues, including lymph nodes

Question 36

Malignant

Answer 36

having the ability not only to grow but also to spread to other parts of the body

Question 37

Metastasize

Answer 37

to undergo metastasis, the spread of malignancy from one part of the body to another by way of the blood or lymph systems

Question 38

Neoplastic

Answer 38

characterized by new, abnormal growth of cells

Question 39

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Answer 39

a malignancy characterized by rapidly growing tumors that are spread through the circulatory or lymphatic systems

Question 40

Oncologists

Answer 40

physicians who specialize in the treatment of cancer

Question 41

Sarcomas

Answer 41

cancers of the connective tissues

Question 42

Selenium

Answer 42

a trace element found in grain products and in meat from grain-fed animals

Question 43

Synergistic effect

Answer 43

the combined effect of two or more variables that exceeds the sum of their individual effects

Question 44

Asthma

Answer 44

a chronic disease that causes constriction of the bronchial tubes, preventing air from passing freely, and causing wheezing and difficulty breathing during attacks

Question 45

Chronic diseases

Answer 45

long-lasting diseases that can be controlled but not cured

Question 46

Diabetes mellitus

Answer 46

a disorder caused by insulin deficiency

Question 47

Glucagon

Answer 47

a hormone secreted by the pancreas that stimulates the release of glucose, thus elevating blood sugar level

Question 48

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Answer 48

a virus that attacks the human immune system, depleting the body’s ability to fight infection; the infection that causes AIDS

Question 49

Insulin

Answer 49

a hormone that enhances glucose intake to the cells

Question 50

Islet cells

Answer 50

the part of the pancreas that produces glucagon and insulin

Question 51

Pancreas

Answer 51

an endocrine gland, located below the stomach, which produces digestive juices and hormones